نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.
2 کارشناس ارشد گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد سراب، سراب، ایران.
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: استعدادیابی، شناسایی عوامل موفقیت را برای رسیدن به قله های افتخار در تمامی رشته های ورزشی و به خصوص رشته شنا هموار میسازد و زمان رسیدن به اجراهای ورزشی بهتر توسط ورزشکاران زبده را کاهش می دهد. هدف از تحقیق حاضر بررسی ویژگی های آنتروپومتریکی، بیومکانیکی و آمادگی جسمانی و عملکردی پسران نوجوان نخبه در استعدادیابی و پیش بینی عملکرد در شنای 50 متر کرال سینه بود. روش تحقیق: 39 شناگر نوجوان نخبه پسر 12-11 ساله، شرکت کننده در ماده 50 متر کرال سینه در مسابقات قهرمانی کشور، که رتبه های برتر را در مسابقات قهرمانی استان های خود به دست آورده و به مسابقات کشوری راه یافته بودند، رضایت نامه را تکمیل کردند. پارامترهای آنتروپومتریکی، بیومکانیکی وآمادگی جسمانی و عملکردی آزمودنی ها بر اساس فرم ریدکو، اندازه گیری شد. داده ها با استفاده از میانگین±انحراف معیار و آزمون فریدمن تحلیل شدند. یافته ها: بین میانگین رتبه طول اندام ها، زوایای مفاصل و ویژگی های جسمانی-عملکردی تفاوت معنی داری مشاهده شد (0/05>p). طول کف دست (17/82 سانتی متر)، طول ساعد (25/89 سانتی متر) و طول پا (26/39 سانتیمتر) مهم ترین شاخص های آنتروپومتریکی؛ باز شدن بیش از حد آرنج (3/72 درجه)، دور شدن پنجه پا از ساق (6/69 درجه) و بازشدن گردن (40/79 درجه) مهم ترین شاخص های بیومکانیکی و سرعت عمل و عکس العمل (21/26 سانتی متر)، انعطاف پذیری (27/02 سانتی متر) و پرش ارتفاع (توان) (31/07 سانتی متر)، مهم ترین شاخص های آمادگی جسمانی و عملکردی در استعدادیابی شناگران نخبه پسر در رده سنی 12-11 سال کشور در ماده 50 متر کرال سینه بودند. بین میانگین رتبه مقدار چربی در سه ناحیه فوق خاری، تحت کتفی و سه سر بازویی اختلاف معنیداری وجود نداشت و بین میانگین رتبه قدرت دست چپ و قدرت دست راست تفاوت معنی داری مشاهده نشد (0/05<p). نتیجه گیری: با توجه به رتبه های بدست آمده، اهمیت همه شاخص های آنتروپومتریک، بیومکانیک، و جسمانی – عملکردی برای موفقیت در شنای کرال سینه سرعت یکسان نیست و اولویت ها باید مورد توجه مربیان قرار گیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The study of anthropometric, biomechanical, physical fitness and functional characteristics of the young elite boys in swimming
نویسندگان [English]
- Ameneh Pourrahim Ghouroghchi 1
- Mehdi Pahlevani 2
1 Assistant Professor of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
2 Ms. Degree of Sport Biomechanics, Islamic Azad University, Sarab Branch, Sarab, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Background and Aim: Talent identification paves the way for identifying of success factors for reaching the summit of pride in all of sports, especially swimming and reduces stint to achieve better sports performances by elite athletes. The purpose of this study was the evaluation of the anthropometric, biomechanical and physical fitness and functional characteristics for talent identification and predicting the performance of the elite boys in 50m crawl swimming. Materials and Methods: 39 elite young swimmers, age 11-12 years, which ranks top in the championship and earned his province had been entered in national competitions, completed the letter of satisfaction questionnaires. The anthropometrical, biomechanical and physical fitness parameters were measured by Rydkov questionnaires. Data were analyzed using mean±SD and fried man test. Results: There is significant difference between the mean rank of length of limbs, angle of joints and functional-physical characteristics (p<0.05).The most important anthropometrical parameters were hand length (17.82 cm), forearm length (25.89 cm) and foot length (16.39 cm); the most important biomechanical parameters were elbow hyperextension (3.72 degree), ankle plantar flexion (6.69 degree) and neck extension (40.79 degree); and the most important physical fitness and functional parameters were action and reaction velocity (21.26 cm), flexibility (27.02 cm) and jump height (31.07 cm) for talent identification of the elite 11-12 year-old boys in 50mcrawlswimming. There is not a significant difference between the mean rank of fat content in three areas of supraspinatus, subscapularis and triceps. Also, the difference between the mean rank of left hand power and right hand power is not significant. Conclusion: The most important anthropometrical parameters were hand length, forearm length and foot length; the most important biomechanical parameters were elbow hyperextension, ankle plantar flexion and neck extension; and the most important physical fitness and functional parameters were action and reaction velocity, flexibility and jump height for talent identification and recognize of adolescent boys in 50m crawl swimming.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Functional and Physical Fitness
- Anthropometrical
- Biomechanical characteristics
- Elite swimming
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