نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 کارشناس ارشد فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران.
2 دانشیار گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران
3 استاد گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: تمرین ورزشی برای کاهش اختلالات عملکرد جسمانی کودکان ناتوان ذهنی مورد توجه است. هدف پژوهش حاضر مطالعه تاثیر دو برنامه تمرین ترکیبی (ترامپولین - راکتی و طناب ز نی - راکتی) بر شاخص‌های آمادگی جسمانی و قابلیت حرکتی کودکان کمتوان ذهنی بود. روش تحقیق: تعداد 24 دانش‌آموز پسر کمتوان ذهنی، با دامنه سنی 15-8 سال و دارای نمره بهره هوشی 50 تا 70، به صورت هدفمند انتخاب و به طور تصادفی به دو گروه تجربی و یک گروه کنترل تقسیم شدند (هر یک هشت نفر). یکی از گروه‌های تجربی، تمرین (هشت هفته، سه جلسه در هفته، 60 دقیقه در هر جلسه) با ترامپولین – راکت؛ و گروه تجربی دوم، تمرین طناب‌زنی - راکت را به اجرا درآوردند. گروه کنترل در مداخله تمرینی شرکت نداشته و برنامه های معمول آموزشگاه را دنبال کردند. قبل و بعد از دوره تمرینی از همه افراد آزمون‌های آمادگی‌جسمانی و قابلیت حرکتی گرفته شد. از روش تجزیه و تحلیل واریانس با اندازه‌گیری مکرر و آزمون تعقیبی بونفرونی برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها در سطح معنی‌داری 05/0≥p بهره برداری گردید. یافته ها: هر دو برنامه تمرینی در مقایسه با گروه کنترل، باعث بهبود شاخص‌های تعادل ایستا با چشمان بسته، تعادل پویا، استقامت عضلات شکمی، توان عضلات اندام‌های تحتانی و قابلیت حرکتی گردید؛ اما بین دو برنامه تمرینی تفاوت معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد. شاخص تعادل ایستا پای چپ با چشمان باز و توان انفجاری فقط در گروه طناب‌زنی - راکتی در مقایسه با گروه ترامپولین - راکتی و کنترل؛ بهبود معنی‌داری پیدا کرد؛ با این حال، شاخص‌های آمادگی قلبی - تنفسی و توان عضلات دست‌ها بین سه گروه تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشت. نتیجه‌گیری: کودکان کمتوان ذهنی احتمالا می‌توانند برای بهبود برخی شاخص‌های عملکرد جسمانی و قابلیت حرکتی خود از هر دو برنامه تمرینی اجرا شده استفاده کنند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The effect of two combined exercise trainings on physical fitness indicators and movement ability among mentally retarded children
نویسندگان [English]
- Fahime Darvishi Soltan Abadi 1
- Roya Askari 2
- Seyed Alireza Hosseini Kakhk 3
- Bahram Sadeghi 1
1 MSc in Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.
2 Associate Professor at Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.
3 Professor at Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Background and Aim: Exercise training is important to reduce the physical performance disorders among mentally retarted children. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of two combined exercise trainings (trampoline-racquet and rope skipping-racquet) on physical fitness indicators and movement ability among mentally retarded children. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four mentally retarded male students, aged 8-15 y., with an IQ of 50 to 70 were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control (each eight persons). One of the experimental groups performed trampoline-racquet training, and the second group performed rope-racquet training (eight-week, three sessions per week, 60 min in each session). The control group did not participate in the intervention exercise and followed the school’s regular training programs. Before and after the exercise trainings, physical fitness and mobility tests were taken from all subjects. Analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni’s tests were used for data analysis at a significance level of p≤0.05. Results: Both exercise trainings improved static balance with eyes closed, dynamic balance, abdominal muscle endurance, lower limb muscle power, and motor ability compared to the control group, but there was no significant difference between the two training programs. Moreover, the static balance index of the left leg with eyes open and explosive power was significantly improved only in the rope skipping-rocket group compared to the trampoline-rocket and also the control group; while there was no significant differences between the indicators of cardiorespiratory fitness and hand muscle power between the three groups. Conclusion: Studies suggest that exercise training programs can improve physical fitness and mobility in mentally retarded children.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Mental retardation
- Trampoline
- Rope Skipping
- Racket Games
- Physical fitness
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