نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 کارشناس ارشد فیزیولوژی ورزشی، گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران.
2 استادیار گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران.
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: رشد عضلانی، تحت تاثیر عوامل مختلف از جمله مایوکاین‌‌ها و میوستاتین قرار می‌‌گیرد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثر تمرین مقاومتی – هوازی بر بیان ژن‌‌های فیبرونکتین نوع سه حاوی پروتئین 5 (FNDC5)، میوستاتین و هایپرتروفی یا هایپرپلازی در عضله دوقلو موش‌‌های نابالغ بود. روش تحقیق: تعداد 10 سر موش صحرایی نر ویستار با سن دو هفته‌‌ای به طور تصادفی در دو گروه کنترل (پنج سر) و تمرین (پنج سر) قرار گرفتند. برنامۀ تمرین مقاومتی شش هفته با سه نوبت و هر نوبت چهار بار بالا رفتن از نردبان یک متری (با 26 پله) با حمل وزنه بود. برنامه تمرین هوازی شش هفته در روزهای متناوب شامل دویدن روی نوارگردان با شدت 25 تا 50 درصد حداکثر سرعت موش به اجرا درآمد. مدت 48 ساعت بعد از آخرین جلسۀ تمرینی و پس از هشت ساعت ناشتایی، موش‌‌ها تشریح شدند و عضلۀ دوقلو جدا گردید. بیان ژن FNDC5 و میوستاتین با استفاده از روش Real time PCR، و هایپرتروفی و هایپرپلازی توسط میکروسکوپ نوری سنجش شدند. تجزیه‌‌و‌‌تحلیل داده‌‌ها با استفاده از آزمون t مستقل در سطح معنی‌‌داری 0/05≥ pبا استفاده از نرم‌‌افزارPRISM انجام پذیرفت. یافته‌‌ها: پس از شش هفته تمرین مقاومتی - هوازی، بیان ژن FNDC5 (0/04=p) و هایپرتروفی (0/004=p) در عضله دوقلوی گروه تمرین بالاتر؛ اما بیان ژن میوستاتین (0/01=p) در این گروه کمتر بود. با این حال، تفاوت معنی‌‌داری بین هایپرپلازی تارهای عضله دوقلوی موش‌‌های نابالغ دو گروه مشاهده نشد (0/22=p). نتیجه‌‌گیری: به نظر می‌‌رسد اجرای تمرینات مقاومتی - هوازی با بیان بیشتر ژن‌‌های FNDC5 و بیان کمتر ژن‌‌های میوستاتین، به هایپرتروفی بیشتر تارهای تند انقباض منجر می شود. این فرآیند فارغ از رشد طبیعی، به تمرین‌‌پذیری بافت عضلانی در نمونه‌‌های حیوانی قبل از سن بلوغ دلالت دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The effect of resistance-aerobic training on the gene expression of FNDC5, myostatin and hypertrophy or hyperplasia in the gastrocnemius muscle of immature rats
نویسندگان [English]
- Mohsen Mohammadi 1
- Mohammad Reza Fadaei Chafy 2
1 MSc of Exercise Physiology, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor at Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Background and Aim: Among the many variables that affect muscle growth are myokines and myostatin. This study looked at how resistance-aerobic training affected the expression of genes related to fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), myostatin and hypertrophy or hyperplasia in the immature rats’ gastrocnemius muscle. Materials and Methods: A total of ten male Wistar rats, aged two weeks were randomly divided into two control (five rats) and training (five rats) groups. The resistance training program consisted of three sessions each week for six weeks, during which time the participants would carry a weight and climb a one-meter ladder 26 times. For six weeks, on alternate days, aerobic exercise consisted of jogging on a treadmill at an intensity between 25 and 50% of a rat’s maximum speed. All of the rats were dissected and their skeletal muscles isolated 48 hours after the previous training session and after fasting for 8 hours. FNDC5 and myostatin expression were measured using Real-Time PCR. Using light microscopy, hypertrophy and hyperplasia were quantified. Prism software was used to analyze the data using an independent t-test at the p≤0.05 level. Results: Following six weeks of training, the training group had higher gene expression of FNDC5 (p=0.04) and hypertrophy (p=0.004) than the control group, but decreased gene expression of myostatin (p=0.01) in comparison. Nonetheless, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups gastrocnemius muscle hyperplasia (p=0.22). Conclusion: It appears that resistance-aerobic exercise accompanied by increased expression of FNDC5 genes and decreased myostatin gene expression increased fast twitch fiber hypertrophy. This approach shows that muscle tissue in animal samples before puberty is trainable, independent of natural growth.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Resistance training
- Aerobic training
- Hypertrophy
- Hyperplasia
- FNDC5 gene
- Myostatin gene
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