نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 کارشناسی ارشد فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه پیام نور، البرز، ایران.
2 استادیار گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: شواهد نشان می‌دهد که شرایط خاص دوران بارداری، اثرات پایداری بر جنین دارد. هدف از این مطالعه تاثیر یک دوره فعالیت بدنی داوطلبانه بر سطوح کورتیکوسترون و اضطراب موش ها در حین و دوره پس از بارداری بود. روش تحقیق: در این مطالعه تجربی، 40 سر موش ماده نژاد NMRI با سن تقریبی 80 تا 90 روز و وزن 25 تا 30 گرم، به چهار گروه 10 تایی شامل گروه کنترل - بارداری، تجربی - بارداری، کنترل - پس از زایمان، و تجربی - پس از زایمان تقسیم شدند. پس از دو هفته سازگاری با محیط و رویت پلاک واژینال، درون قفس موش‌های باردار، دو چرخ دوار قرار داده شد تا چهار هفته فعالیت بدنی داوطلبانه اعمال شود. جهت سنجش اضطراب موش‌ها، از آزمون محفظه تاریک - روشن استفاده گردید. در نهایت، حیوانات گروه‌های بارداری، در روز هجدهم بارداری و نمونه‌های گروه‌های پس از زایمان، در روز هفتم پس از زایمان؛ بیهوشی عمیق داده شدند و جهت سنجش کورتیکوسترون، خون‌گیری به صورت مستقیم از بافت قلب انجام شد. سپس داده‌های حاصل با آزمون t مستقل در سطح معنی داری 0/05>p مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها: سطوح سرمی کورتیکوسترون در گروه‌های تجربی - بارداری (0/002=p) و تجربی - پس از زایمان (0/006=p) به طور معنی داری کاهش یافت. با این حال، سطح اضطراب موش ها فقط در گروه تجربی - پس از زایمان، بطور معنی داری کاهش پیدا کرد (0/007=p). نتیجه‌گیری: استفاده از فعالیت‌های بدنی داوطلبانه در دوران بارداری در موش ها، به عنوان یک راهبرد درمانی احتمالی در کاهش کورتیزول و اختلالات روانشناختی از جمله اضطراب، حائز اهمیت می‌باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The effect of a voluntary physical activity on corticosterone and anxiety levels during and after pregnancy in mice
نویسندگان [English]
- Mandana Ahmadi 1
- Maryam Vatandoust 2
- Seyedeh Zoleykha Hashemi Chashemi 2
1 M.Sc of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Payame Noor University, Alborz, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor at Exercise Physiology Department, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Background and Aim: Evidence shows that certain conditions during pregnancy will have lasting effects on the fetus. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a period of voluntary physical activity on corticosterone and anxiety levels in mice during and after pregnancy. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 female NMRI mice aged with an approximate age of 80 to 90 days and a weight of 25 to 30 grams were divided into four groups of 10 including the control-pregnancy, experimental-pregnancy, control-postpartum and experimental-postpartum groups. After two weeks of adaptation to the environment and seeing the vaginal plaque, two rotating wheels were placed inside the cage of each pregnant mice to apply voluntary physical activity for four weeks. The dark-light box test was used to measure the anxiety of mice. Finally, the animals of the pregnancy groups, on the 18th day of pregnancy and the samples of the postpartum groups, on the 7th day after delivery; were given deep anesthesia and to measure corticosterone, blood was taken directly from the heart tissue. For statistical analysis, the independent sample t-test was used at a significance level of p<0.05. Results: The serum corticosterone levels decreased significantly in the experimental groups during pregnancy (p=0.002) and during the postpartum periods (p=0.006). However, the anxiety level of the mice was significantly reduced only in the experimental postpartum group (p=0.007). Conclusion: The use of voluntary physical activities during pregnancy in mice is probably important as an effective therapeutic strategy in reducing cortisol and psychological disorders including anxiety.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Anxiety
- Cortisol
- Exercise
- Pregnancy
Abedi Amiri, M. (2016). Comparison of the effect of six weeks of yoga asana and pranayama practice in the third trimester of pregnancy on the serum levels of cortisol, leptin and some problems during pregnancy in pregnant women. MSc degree, Semnan University, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. [In Persian].
Akbarzadeh, M., Sharif, F., Zare, N., & Ghodrati, F. (2018). Investigating the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and sadness after childbirth and the factors affecting it in women with high-risk pregnancies. Family Research, 5(17), 57-71. [In Persian]. https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/index.php/ayenehmarefat/article/view/article_95330.html
Alipour, Z., Lamyian, M., & Hajizadeh, E. (2011). Anxiety during pregnancy: a risk factor for neonatal physical outcome? Nursing and Midwifery Journal, 9(1), 30-38. [In Persian]. http://unmf.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-279-fa.html
Anderson, T., Lane, A.R., & Hackney, A.C. (2018). The cortisol awakening response: association with training load in endurance Runners. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 13(9), 1158-1163. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0740
Babri, S., Doosti, M.H., & Salari, A.A. (2014). Strain-dependent effects of prenatal maternal immune activation on anxiety-and depression-like behaviors in offspring. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 37, 164-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2013.12.003
Beetham, K.S., Giles, C., Noetel, M., Clifton, V., Jones, J.C., & Naughton, G. (2019). The effects of vigorous intensity exercise in the third trimester of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 19(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2441-1
Bödecs, T., Horváth, B., Szilágyi, E., Gonda, X., Rihmer, Z., & Sándor, J. (2011). Effects of depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and health behaviour on neonatal outcomes in a population-based Hungarian sample. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 154(1), 45-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.08.021
Carlberg, K.A., Alvin, B.L., & Gwosdow, A.R. (1996). Exercise during pregnancy and maternal and fetal plasma corticosterone and androstenedione in rats. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 271(5), E896- E902. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1996.271.5.E896
Chapman, K., Holmes, M., & Seckl, J. (2013). 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases: intracellular gate-keepers of tissue glucocorticoid action. Physiological Reviews, 93(3), 1139-1206. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00020.2012
Davenport, M.H., McCurdy, A.P., Mottola, M.F., Skow, R.J., Meah, V.L., Poitras, V.J., & Ruchat, S.M. (2018). Impact of prenatal exercise on both prenatal and postnatal anxiety and depressive symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(21), 1376-1385. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099697
Erisna, M., Runjati, R., Kartini, A., Azam, M., & Mulyantoro, D.K. (2020). The impact of Maryam exercise towards the stress level and cortisol serum level among primiparous pregnant women. International Journal of Nursing and Health Services (IJNHS), 3(5), 598-607. https://doi.org/10.35654/ijnhs.v3i5.338
Ferraro, Z.M., Gaudet, L., & Adamo, K.B. (2012). The potential impact of physical activity during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 67(2), 99-110. https://doi.org/10.1097/ogx.0b013e318242030e
Field, T., Diego, M., Delgado, J., & Medina, L. (2013). Yoga and social support reduce prenatal depression, anxiety and cortisol. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 17(4), 397-403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2013.03.010
Field, T. (2012). Prenatal exercise research. Infant Behavior and Development, 35(3), 397-407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2011.10.001
Fraisse, F., & Cockrem, J.F. (2006). Corticosterone and the measurement of stress and fear in cage housed laying chickens. British Poultry Science, 47, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660600610534
Greenwood, B.N., Loughridge, A.B., Sadaoui, N., Christianson, J.P., & Fleshner, M. (2012). The protective effects of voluntary exercise against the behavioral consequences of uncontrollable stress persist despite an increase in anxiety following forced cessation of exercise. Behavioural Brain Research, 233(2), 314-321. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bbr.2012.05.017
Jang, Y., Lee, B., Kim, E.K., Shim, W.S., Yang, Y.D., & Kim, S.M. (2018). Involuntary swimming exercise in pregnant rats disturbs ERK1/2 signaling in embryonic neurons through increased cortisol in the amniotic fluid. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 495(1), 1208-1213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.153
Jiang, Q., Wu, Z., Zhou, L., Dunlop, J., & Chen, P. (2015). Effects of yoga intervention during pregnancy: a review for current status. American Journal of Perinatology, 32(06), 503-514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1396701
Liu, W., Xu, Y., Lu, J., Zhang, Y., Sheng, H., & Ni, X. (2012). Swimming exercise ameliorates depression-like behaviors induced by prenatal exposure to glucocorticoids in rats. Neuroscience Letters, 524(2), 119-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2012.07.011
Luft, C., Levices, I.P., da Costa, M.S., Haute, G.V., Grassi‐Oliveira, R., de Oliveira, J.R., & Donadio, M.V.F. (2020). Exercise before pregnancy attenuates the effects of prenatal stress in adult mice in a sex‐dependent manner. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 80(2), 86-95. https://doi.org/10.1002/jdn.10001
Memari, A., Ramim, T., Amini, M., Mehran, A., Ajorloo, A., & Shakibaei, P. (2006). Investigation of effects of aerobic exercise on pregnancy and its circumstances. Journal of Hayat, 12(3), 35-41. [In Persian] http://hayat.tums.ac.ir/article-1-201-en.html
Parsons, C.E., Young, K.S., Rochat, T.J., Kringelbach, M.L., & Stein, A. (2012). Postnatal depression and its effects on child development: a review of evidence from low-and middle-income countries. British Medical Bulletin, 101(1), 57-79. https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldr047
Quigley, A., MacKay-Lyons, M., & Eskes, G. (2020). Effects of exercise on cognitive performance in older adults: a narrative review of the evidence, possible biological mechanisms, and recommendations for exercise prescription. Journal of Aging Research, 2020, 1407896. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1407896
Rahimi, S., Peeri, M., Azarbayjani, M.A., Anoosheh, L., Ghasemzadeh, E., Khalifeh, N., & Salari, A.A. (2020). Long-term exercise from adolescence to adulthood reduces anxiety-and depression-like behaviors following maternal immune activation in offspring. Physiology & Behavior, 226, 113130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113130
Raymond, J.E. (2009). ‘Creating a safety net’: Women’s experiences of antenatal depression and their identification of helpful community support and services during pregnancy. Midwifery, 25(1), 39-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2007.01.005
Sturm, M., Becker, A., Schroeder, A., Bilkei‐Gorzo, A., & Zimmer, A. (2015). Effect of chronic corticosterone application on depression‐like behavior in C57BL/6N and C57BL/6J mice. Genes, Brain and Behavior, 14(3), 292-300. https://doi.org/10.1111/gbb.12208
Urizar Jr, G.G., Milazzo, M., Le, H.N., Delucchi, K., Sotelo, R., & Muñoz, R.F. (2004). Impact of stress reduction instructions on stress and cortisol levels during pregnancy. Biological Psychology, 67(3), 275-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2003.11.001
Weinstock, M. (2008). The long-term behavioural consequences of prenatal stress. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 32(6), 1073-1086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.03.002
)