نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 کارشناسی ارشد فیزیولوژی ورزش، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار ، ایران.
2 استاد گروه فیزیولوژی ورزش، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار ، ایران.
3 دانشیار گروه فیزیولوژی ورزش، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار ، ایران.
4 استادیار گروه تربیت بدنی ، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه کوثر بجنورد، بجنورد ، ایران.
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: تنظیم تعادل انرژی در انسان مسئله پیچیده و مبهمی است. مطالعات مختلف حاکی از رابطه بین فعالیت بدنی و ایجاد تعادل منفی انرژی در بدن است. هدف از این مطالعه، تعیین اثر فعالیت های بدنی مختلف وامانده ساز بر اشتها، کالری دریافتی، کالری مصرفی وعلاقه مندی به غذا در دختران دانشجو بود. روش تحقیق: روش تحقیق به صورت نیمه تجربی بود. تعداد 10 داوطلب دختر به صورت غیر تصادفی و داوطلبانه انتخاب شدند. آزمودنی ها دو پروتکل تمرینی شامل شنا و دویدن را با شدت 80 درصد حداکثر ضربان قلب تا حد واماندگی و یک پروتکل تمرین مقاومتی را با شدت 80 درصد یک تکرار بیشینه تا حد واماندگی در 3 جلسه اجرا نمودند. میزان اشتها، کالری دریافتی و علاقه مندی به غذا از طریق پرسشنامه توسط آزمودنی ها ثبت گردید. انرژی مصرفی نیز از طریق فرم ثبت اطلاعات در LSD مربوط به فعالیت بدنی 24 ساعته ثبت شد. از روش تحلیل واریانس با اندازه های تکراری و آزمون تعقیبی برای تجزیه و تحلیل داد ه ها استفاده شد. یافته ها: تمایل به غذا خوردن فقط بلافاصله بعد p>0/05 سطح معن یداری پیدا کرد. احساس گرسنگی نیز فقط بلافاصله )p=0/ از تمرین مقاومتی، نسبت به تمرین دویدن، افزایش معنی داری ) 001
داشت؛ در حالی که احساس سیری و توانایی )p=0/ بعد از تمرین شنا، نسب به تمرین دویدن، افزایش معنی داری ) 001بین تاثیر یک جلسه تمرین شنا، . )p <0/ غذا خوردن در چهار زمان، بین سه نوع تمرین تفاوت معن یداری نداشت ) 05 دویدن و تمرین مقاومتی دایره ای وامانده ساز از لحاظ اثر گذاری بر تمایل به غذا خوردن به غذا، کالری دریافتی و دیده نشد. نتیجه گیری: بین فعالیت های مختلف تمرینی از لحاظ اثر )p <0/ کالری مصرفی؛ تفاوت معنی داری ) 05 گذاری بر کالری دریافتی، کالری مصرفی و اشتها تفاوت معناداری وجود نداشت؛ و این بدان معناست که بدون در نظر گرفتن نوع فعالیت به اجرا درآمده، تمرین سبب تعادل کالریکی منفی می شود؛ تغییری که احتمالا نمی تواند در کوتاه مدت جبران شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Comparison of the effects of the different exercise types on appetite, calorie intake, calorie consumption and food liking in girl students
نویسندگان [English]
- elham yosefi mand 1
- Mohammad Reza Hamedinia 2
- Amirhossein Haghighi 3
- Mitra Khademosharie 4
1 MSc of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.
2 Full Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.
3 Associate Professor Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Literature, Kosar University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Background and Aim: The regulation of energy balance in humans is a complex and ambiguous issue. Various studies have shown the relationship between physical activity and creating a negative energy balance in the body. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the different exercise types on appetite, calorie intake, calorie consumption and food liking in girl students. Materials and Methods: Based of this semi-experimental study,10 girl students were randomly and voluntarily chosen among all university students. The subjects performed two protocols of swimming and running (80% of the maximum heart rate up to exhaustion), and one protocol of resistance training (80% of a maximum repetition up to exhaustion) during three sessions. Appetite, calorie intake and food intake were recorded by a standard questionnaire. Energy intake also was recorded by 24-hour physical activity form. Analysis of variance with repeated measures and LSD tests were applied to analyze the data at the significant level of p < 0.05. Results: The tendency to food had a significant increase immediately after the resistance training compared to running (p= 0.001). Feeling hungry had a significant increase (p = 0.001) compared to running training immediately after swimming training, while the feeling of satiety and the ability to eat at four times, did not showed any significant difference between the three types of exercise (p < 0.05). Moreover, between the effect of one session of swimming, running, and exhaustive circular resistance training there was no significant difference in the tendency to food, calorie intake and calorie consumption (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant difference between different training activities in terms of calorie intake, calorie consumption and appetite. This means that regardless of the type of activity, exercise can causes a negative caloric balance; a change that probably cannot be compensate during short term.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Exhaustive exercise training
- Appetite
- Calorie intake
Ainsworth, B. (2003). The compendium of physical activities. Research Digest, 2, 1- 8.
Arora, S., & Anubhuti, B. (2006). Role of neuropeptides in appetite regulation and obesity a review. Neuropeptite, 40, 375-401.
Ainsworth, B. E., Haskell, W. L., Whitt, M. C., Irwin, M. L., Swartz, A. M., & Strath, S. J. (2003). Compendium of physiology activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 32(9), 498-504.
Ballard, T., Melby, C., & Camus, H. (2009). Effect of resistance exercise, with or without carbohydrate supplementation, on plasma ghrelin concentrations and post exercise hunger and food intake. Metabolism, 58, 1191-1199.
Biliski, J., Teleglow, A., & Bilska, J.Z. (2009). Effects of exersice on appetite and food intake regulation. Medicina Sportiva,13, 82-94.
Bray, G. A. (2000). Afferent signals regulating food intake. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 59(03), 373-84.
Brobeck, J. R. (1948). Food intake as a mechanism of temperature regulation. The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 20(6), 545-52.
Broom, D. R., Batterham, R. L., & king, J. A. (2009). Influence of resistance and aerobic exercise on hunger circulating levels of acylated and peptide yy in healthy males. American Journal of Physiology Regulative Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 296, 29-3.
Brown, G. L. (2012). Relationships between exercise, energy balance, appetite and dietary restraint in overweight and obese women. PhD thesis, 1-370. University of Glasgow. Philosophy, Human Nutrition.
Carnier, J., de Mello, M. T., Ackel-D́Elia, C., Corgosinho, F. C., da Silveira Campos, R. M., & de Lima Sanches, P. (2013). Aerobic training (AT) is more effective than aerobic plus resistance training (AT+ RT) to improve anorexigenic/ orexigenic factors in obese adolescents. Appetite, 69(9), 168-73.
Costill, D. L., Cahill, P. Y., & Eddy, D. (1997). Metabolic responses to submaximal exercise in three water temperatures. Journal of Applied Physiology, 22, 628-632.
Davarzani, Z., Hamedinia, M. R., & Hosseini Kakhk, S. A. (2011). The effect of a session of swimming and running hunger rate and hormone ghrelin, insulin, and cortisol in healthy girls. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 13(1), 82-89. [Persion]
Dodd, C., Welsman, J., & Armstrong, N. (2008). Energy intake and appetite following exercise in lean and overweight girls. Appetite, 51(3), 482-8.
Edholm, O. G., Adam, J. M., Healy, M. J. R., Wolff, H. S., Goldsmith, R., & Best, T. W. (1970). Food intake and energy expenditure of army recruits. British Journal of Nutrition, 24, 1091-1107.
Finlayson, G., Caudwell, P. H., & Gibbons, C. (2011). Low fat loss response after medium-term supervised exercise in obese is associated with exercise-induced increase in food reward. Journal of Obesity, 2011, 615-624.
Flint, A., Raben, A., Blundell, J., & Astrup, A. (2000). Reproducibility, power and validity of visual analogue scales in assessment of appetite sensations in single test meal studies. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic
Disorders, 24(1), 38-48.
Ghaffarpour, M., Hoshyar Rad, A., Kianfar, H., & Bani Baqal, B. (2006). Food album. 1Th Edition. World of Nutrition, Nutrition Research Institute and Food Industry of the country.
George, V. A., & Morganstein, A. (2003). Effect of moderate intensity exercise on acute energy intake in normal and overweight females. Appetite, 40(1), 43-46.
Ghanbari – Niaki, A., Saghebjo, M., & Rahbarizadeh, F. (2008). Circuit resistance exercise has no plasma overstating levels in college students. Peptides, 29, 487– 490.
Ghanbri-Niaki, A. (2006). Ghrelin and glucoregulatoryhorrmone responses to a single circuit resistance exercise in male college students. Clinical Biochemistry, 39, 966-970.
Juorgea, J., Maestu, J., Jurimae, T., Tanner, C. J., & Hickner, R. C. (2015). Effects resistant and endurance training on food intake and appetite in women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 80(5), 1230-1236.
Guyenet, S. J., & Schwartz, M. W. (2012). Regulation of food intake, energy balance, and body fat mass: implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of obesity. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 97(3), 745-755.
Hart, L. E., Egier, B. P., & Shimizu, A. J. (1980). Exertional heat stroke: The runner’s nemesis. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 122(10), 1144-1150.
Hosoda, H., Kojima, M., & Kangawa, K. (2002). Ghrelin and the regulation of food intake and energy balance. Molecular Interventions, 2(8), 494.
Horio, T. (2004). Effect of physical exercise on human performance for solution of various sweet substances perceptual and motor skills. US National Library of Medicine, 99(3), 1061-1070.
King, J. A., & Wasse, L. K. (2011). The acute effects of swimming on appetite food intake and plasma asylated Ghrelin. Journal of Obesity, 351628, 1-8.
King, N. A., Lluch, A., Stubbs, R. J., & Blundell, J. E. (1997). High dose exercise does not increase hunger or energy intake in free living male. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 51, 478-483.
Kraemer, R. R., & Castracanem, V. D. (2007). Exercise and humeral mediators of peripheral energy balance: Ghrelin and adiponectin. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 232, 184-194.
Martins, C., Kulseng, B., King, N. A., Holst, J. J., & Blundell, J. E. (2010). The effects of exercise-induced weight loss on appetiterelated peptides and motivation to eat. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 95, 1609-16.
Martins, C., Morgan, L. M., Bloom, S. R., & Robertson, M. D. (2007). Effects of exercise on gut peptides, energy intake and appetite. Journal of Endocrinology, 193(2), 251-8.
Melzer, K., Kayser, B., & Saris, W. H. M. (2005). Effects of physical activity on food intake. Clinical Nutrition, 24 , 885-895.
Nelson, M. E., Rejeski, W. J., & Blair, S. N. (2007). Physical activity and Public health in other adults: Recommendation from the American college of Sports Medicine and the American Heart association. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 39, 1435-1445.
Rowell, L. B. (1994). Human cardiovascular adjustments to exercise and thermal stress. Physiological Reviews, 54 , 75-159.
Schwartz, M. W., Woods, S. C., Porte, D., Seeley, R. J., & Baskin, D. G. (2000). Central nervous system control of food intake. Nature, 404(6778), 661-71.
Shorten, L., Wallman, E., & Guelfi, J. (2009). Acute effect of environmental temperature during exercise on subsequent energy intake in active men. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 90 (5), 1215-1221.
Strzelczyk, T. A., Cusick, D. A., Pfeifer, P. B., Bondmass, M. D., & Quigg, R. J. (2001). Value of the Bruce protocol to determine peak exercise oxygen consumption in patients evaluated for cardiac transplantation. American Heart Journal,
142(3), 466-75.
Ueda, S. Y., Miyamoto, T., Nakahara, H., Shishido, T., Usui, T., & Katsura, Y. (2013). Effect of exercise training on gut hormone levels after a single bout of exercise in middleaged Japanese women. Springerplus, 2, 83.
Tayebi, F., Hamedinia, M., & Hosseini Kakhak, A. R. (2016). Comparison of the effect of a swimming session at different water temperatures on appetite, calorie intake, Calorie intake, food interest and blood lactate levels in female students. Sport Biosciences, 8(3) 311-322. [Persion]
Vatansever –Ozen, S., & Sonmez, G. T. (2011). The effects of exercise on food intake and hunger: Relationship with acylated ghrelin and leptin. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 10, 283-291.
Vestergaard, E. T, Dall, R., Lange, K. H, Kjaer, M., Christiansen, J. S, & Jorgensen, J. O. (2007). The Ghrelin Response to Exercise before and after Growth Hormone Administration. Journal Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 92, 297–303.
Unick, J. L., Ottoa, A. D., & Goodpasterb, B. (2010). Acute effect of walking on energy intake in overweight/obese women. Appetite, 55(3), 413–419.
Woods, S. C., Benoit, S. C., Clegg, D. J., & Seeley, R. J. (2004). Regulation of energy homeostasis by peripheral signals. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 18(4), 497-515.
Yarahmadi, H., Haghighi, A., Shojaei, M., & Beheshti Nasr, S. (2014). Effect of nine weeks of moderate aerobic training on insulin resistance and appetite level in obese women. Ofogh Danesh, 20(1), 9-16. [Persion]
)