نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.
2 کارشناس ارشد، گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.
3 دانشیار گروه فیزیولوژیورزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: اثر تمرین مقاومتی- غوطهوری در آب سرد بر آسیب عضله و التهاب مشخص نیست. هدف تحقیق حاضر بررسی اثر 8 هفته تمرین مقاومتی- غوطهوری در آب سرد بر آسیب عضلانی و التهاب متعاقب یک فعالیت مقاومتیحاد در بازیکنان مرد فوتسال بود. روش تحقیق: تعداد ۲۰ بازیکن فوتسال داوطلب (سن ۰۷/۳±۲۶ سال و نمایه توده بدن ۴0/۳±۲۴ کیلوگرم/مترمربع)، به طور تصادفی در گروههای کنترل و تجربی قرار گرفتند. بعد از خونگیری اول، دو گروه، یک تمرین مقاومتیحاد دایرهای با 75 درصد یک تکرار بیشینه را در 5 ایستگاه، 3 نوبت،۱۰-۸ تکرار و استراحت۹۰ ثانیهای بین نوبتها و 5 دقیقهای بین ایستگاهها اجرا کردند. خونگیری دوم انجام شد و ۴۸ ساعت بعد، گروه تجربی 8 هفته تمرین مقاومتی دایرهای را 3 جلسه در هفته مانند تمرین مقاومتیحاد انجام دادند و بلافاصله بعد از تمرین، ۲۰ دقیقه در آب سرد ۱۰-۵ درجه سانتیگراد غوطهور شدند. ۴۸ ساعت بعد از آخرین جلسه تمرین، خونگیری سوم انجام شد. سپس دو گروه تجربی و کنترل، تمرین حاد مقاومتی دایرهای دوم را اجرا کردند و خونگیری چهارم صورت گرفت. کراتین کیناز (CK) با دستگاه اتوآنالایزر آلفا کلاسیکو کیت بیونیک ایران و شمارش سلول های سفید خون (WBC) و زیرردههای آن با دستگاه اتو آنالایزر هماتولوژیک BC-3000و کیت میندری چین اندازهگیری شد. تفاوت متغیرها در زمانهای مختلف با روش تحلیل واریانس دو راهه 2×4 و تفاوت دو گروه با آزمون t مستقل در سطح 05/0>p بررسی شد. یافته ها: CK (۰۰۱/۰=p)، WBC و نوتروفیلها (۰۰۱/۰=p) متعاقب فعالیت مقاومتیحاد اول، در دو گروه به طور معنیداری افزایش یافتند. 8 هفته تمرین مقاومتی- غوطهوری در آب سرد، CK (۰۰4/۰=p)، WBC، نوتروفیلها، مونوسیتها و لنفوسیتها (۰۰۱/۰=p) را گروه تجربی در مقایسه با کنترل بهطور معنیداری کاهش داد. به علاوه، 8 هفته تمرین مقاومتی- غوطهوری در آب سرد، CK، WBC، نوتروفیلها (۰۰۱/۰=p) و لنفوسیتها (۰۰4/۰=p) را متعاقب فعالیت مقاومتیحاد دوم در مقایسه با کنترل بهطور معنیداری کاهش داد؛ در حالیکه مونوسیتها تغییر معنیداری (۰۵/۰<p) نکردند. نتیجه گیری: تمرین مقاومتی همراه با غوطهوری در آب سرد می تواند آسیبعضلانی و التهاب را متعاقب فعالیت حاد کاهش دهد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The effect of 8-weeks of resistance training and cold water immersion on muscle damage and inflammation responses following acute resistance training in futsal players men
نویسندگان [English]
- Ameneh Pourrahim Ghouroghchi 1
- Ali Ahmadzadeh 2
- Roghayeh Afroundeh 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh-e-Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
2 MSc degree, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh-e-Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh-e-Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Background and Aim: The effect of resistance training and cold water immersion on muscle injury and inflammation is not clear. The aim of this study was to study the effect of 8-weeks resistance training and cold water immersion on muscle injury and inflammation responses following an acute strength activity in futsal players men. Materials and Methods: Twenty futsal players (age 26±3.07 years and body mass index 24±3.40 kg/m2) volunteered to participate in the study and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. After first blood sampling, both groups performed one session of acute circular resistance training with 75% of 1-RM at 5 stations, 3 sets, 8-10 repetitions, and a 90-second rest between sets and a 5-minute rest between stations. The second blood sampling was performed after 48 hours. The experimental group performed 8 weeks of circular resistance training, 3 sessions per week like the acute resistance training and immediately after exercise were immersed, 20 minutes at 5-10°C in cold water. Forty eight hours after last training session, blood sampling was performed. Then, both experimental and control groups performed the second acute circular resistance training and one hour later, the fourth blood sampling was performed. The differences of variables at different time intervals were compared with 2×4 two-way ANOVA and Independent samples t-test at p < 0.05. Cearitine kinase (CK) was measured with Iran Alpha Classic Autoanalyzer and Bionic kit; while white blood cells (WBC) count and their subclasses were measured with BC-3000 hematologic auto analyzer and China Mindry kit. The differences between the variables at different times were analyzed by 4* 2 two-way ANOVA and the differences between the two groups were determined by independent t-test at p < 0.05. Results: CK (p=0.001), WBC and neutrophils (p=0.001) significantly were increased in both groups after the first acute resistance training. After 8 weeks of resistance training-cold water immersion CK (p=0.004), WBC, neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes (p=0.001) significantly decreased in experimental group as compared to the control group. 8 weeks resistance training-cold water immersion significantly decreased CK, WBC, neutrophils (p=0.001), and lymphocytes (p=0.004) in experimental group following the second acute resistance training compared to the control group. Whereas, there was no significant differences in monocytes (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Resistance training along with cold water immersion could reduce muscle damage and inflammation following acute exercise.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Resistance training
- Cold water immersion
- Muscle damage
- Inflammation
Argus, C. K., James, R., Aaron, C. B., Remco Polman, P., David, J., & Shona Halson, B. (2019). Cold water immersion and contrast water therapy do not improve short-term recovery following resistance training. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 15(1), 42-46.
Ascensao, A., Leite, M., Rebelo, A. N., Magalha, S., & Magalhaes, J. (2011). Effects of cold water immersion on the recovery of physical performance and muscle damage following a one-off soccer match. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(3), 217 - 225.
Assumpcao, C., Lima, L., Oliveira, F., Greco, C., & Denadai, B. (2013). Exercise-induced muscle damage and running
economy in humans. The Scientific World Journal, 16(1), 78-89.
Barquilha, G., Uchida, M. C., Santos, V. C., Moura, N. R., Lambertucci, R. H., Hatanaka, E., & Gorjão, R. (2011). Characterization of the Effects of One Maximal Repetition Test on Muscle Injury and Inflammation Markers. Webmed Central Physiology, 2(3), WMC001717.
Bleakley, C. M., & Davison, G. W. (2010). What is the biochemical and physiological rationale for using cold-water immersion in sports recovery? A systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(3), 179 - 87.
Brancaccio, P., Lippi, G., & Maffulli, N. (2010). Biochemical markers of muscular damage. ClinicalChemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 48(6), 757-67.
Brancaccio, P., Maffulli, N., Buonauro, R., & Limongelli, FM. (2008). Serum enzyme monitoring in sports medicine. Clinical of Sports Medicine, 27(1), 521-18.
Brito, J., Malina, R. M., Seabra, A., Massada, J. L., Soares, J. M., Krustrup, P., & Rebelo, A. (2012). Injuries in Portuguese youth soccer players during training and match play. Journal of Athletic Training, 47(2), 191-197.
Brzycki, M. (1993). Strength testing: Predicting a one-rep max from reps to fatigue. Journal of Physical Education. Recreation and Dance, 64, 88–90.
Camargo, M. Z., Patricia,C., Siqueira, C. M., Perozim Preti, M. C., Nakamura, F. Y., Lima, F. M., & Lupiano Dias, I. F. (2012). Effects of light emitting diode (LED) therapy and cold water immersion therapy on exercise-induced muscle damage in rats. Lasers in Medical Science, 27(1), 1051- 58.
Fonseca, L. B., Brito, J., Silva, R. J., Grigoletto, M. E., Junior, W. M. S., & Franchini, M. (2017). Use of cold-water immersion to reduce muscle damage and delayed-onset muscle soreness and preserve muscle power in Jiu-Jitsu athletes. Journal of Athletic Training, 51(7), 540–549.
Ford, E. S. (2002). Does exercise reduce inflammation? Physical activity and C-reactive protein among US adults. Epidemiology, 13(5), 561-8.
Foroughi Pardanjani, A., Ebrahimi, M., & Changizi, M. (2013). The effect of a session of resistance exercise on muscle injury and delayed muscle soreness in male athlete students. Research in Academic Sport, 8(1), 37-52. [Persian]
Freitas, D. V., Solange, H. R., Bara-Filho, P., Mauricio, G., & Daniel, G. (2019). Effect of cold water immersion performed on successive days on physical performance, muscle damage, and inflammatory, hormonal, and oxidative stress markers in volleyball players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2(1), 502–513.
Hammouda, O., Chtourou, H., Chaouachi, A., Chahed, H., Ferchichi, S., & Kallel C. (2012). Effect of short-term maximal exercise on biochemical markers of muscle damage, total antioxidant status, and homocysteine levels in football players. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 3(4), 219-4.
Harty, P. S., Cottet, M. L., Malloy, J. K., & Kerksick, C. M. (2019). Nutritional and supplementation strategies to prevent and attenuate exercise-induced muscle damage: a brief review. Sports Medicine, 5(1), 1-17.
Hosseini Kakhak, S. A., Eldarabadi, A., Haghighi, A. H., & Sharifian, Z. (2016). Effect of a session of resistance training with vascular obstruction and without vascular obstruction of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase serum in young girls. Sport Physiology, 30(1), 51-64. [Persian]
Hotfiel, H., Mayer, L., Huettel, M., Wilhelm Hoppe, M., Engelhardt, M., & Lutter, C. (2019). Accelerating recovery from exercise-induced muscle injuries in triathletes: Considerations for olympic distance races. Journal Sports, 7(1), 143.
Jakeman, J., Macrae, R., & Eston, R. (2009). A single 10- min bout of cold-water immersion therapy after strenuous plyometric exercise has no beneficial effect on recovery from the symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage. Ergonomics, 52(4), 256-60.
Junior, E. C. L., Godoi, V., Mancalossi, L. J., Rossi, R. P., Marchi, T. D., & Parente, M. (2011). Comparison between cold
water immersion therapy (CWIT) and light emitting diode therapy (LEDT) in short-term skeletal muscle recovery after high intensity exercise in athletes - preliminary results. Lasers in Medical Science, 26(1), 493-501.
Khaki, M., Gaeini, A. A., Kurdi, M. R., Rahmati, M. R., Hoseini, A., & Hajizadeh, S. (2019). The effect of repeated sprint activities and cold water immersion on of fatigue inflammatory biomarkers in active men. Journal of Practical Studies of Biosciences in Sport, 7(4), 9-18. [Persian]
Laoruengthana, A., Poosamsai, P., Fangsanau, T., Supanpaiboon, P., & Tungkasamesamran, K. (2009). The epidemiology of sports injury during the 37th Thailand National Games 2008 in Phitsanulok. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, 92(6), 204-10.
Machado, A. F., Almeida, A. C., Micheletti, J. K., Vanderlei, F. M., Tribst, M. F., & Netto, J. (2016). Dosages of cold-water immersion post exercise on functional and clinical responses: a randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 35(1), 81.
Manshouri, M., Rezaei, Z., Esfarjani, F., & Marandi, S. M. (2012). Effect of cold water immersion on muscle injury and immune cell markers. Journal of Isfahan Medical School, 278(1), 330-341. [Persian]
Matos, F., Eduardo, B., & Claudio, R. V. (2017). Effect of cold-water immersion on Elbow flexors muscle thickness after
resistance training. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(3), 1756 - 63.
Mohammadi, A., Sahebkar, A., Iranshahi, M., Amini, M., Khojasteh, R., Ghayour-Mobarhan, M., & Ferns, G. A. (2013). Effects of supplementation with curcuminoids ondyslipidemia in obese patients: A randomized crossover trial. Phytotherapy Research, 27(1), 374-379.
Mohammad Nia Ahmadi, M., Rajabi, H., & Mehravani, H. (2015). Evaluation of the effect of cold and temperate water immersion during exercise on plasma heat shock protein content in Nerpes rats from 8 weeks of resistance training. Exercise and Biomotor Science, 9(1), 220-232. [Persian]
Moreira, A., Costa, E. C., Coutts, A. J., Nakamura, F. Y., da Silva, D. A., & Aoki, M. S. (2015). Cold water immersion did
not accelerate recovery after a futsal match. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 10(1), 1590-17.
Nemati, G. H., Rahmani, F., & Mirzaei, B. (2012). The effect of eccentric contraction on blood hematological changes in non-athlete young men. Sport Physiology, 15, 71-82. [Persian]
Peake, J. M., Roberts, L. A., Vandre, C., Simone Krog, F., Aas, S. N., & Suzuki, K. (2017). The effects of cold water immersion and active recovery on inflammation and cell stress responses in human skeletal muscle after resistance exercise. Journal of Physiology, 595(1), 695–711.
Rowsell, G. J., Coutts, A. J., Reaburn, P., & Hill-Haas, S. (2019). Effects of cold-water immersion on physical performance between successive matches in high-performance junior male soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(6), 465-73.
Sharifi, M., Kurdi, M. R., & Akbarnejad, A. (2016). Comparison of the effect of cold water immersion and active recovery on some muscle injury indices and exercise performance of passive men. Applied Findings in Sport Science, 41(1), 78-81. [Persian]
Tavares, F., Walker, O., Healey, P., Brett Smith, T., & Driller, M. (2019). Practical applications of water immersion recovery modalities for team sports. Wolters Kluwer Health, 10(1),1519.
Timmons, B. W., Tarnopolsky, M. A., & Snider D. P., & BarOr, O. (2006). Immunological changes in response to exercise: Influence of age, puberty, and gender. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 38(1), 293 - 304.
Vasconcelos, E. S. (2018). Inflammatory response induced by resistance exercise. MedCrave online Journal of Immunology, 6(4), 110-113.
Wakabayashi, H., Wijayanto, T., & Tochihara, Y. (2017). Neuromuscular function during knee extension exercise after
cold water immersion. Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 36(1), 28.
Walton, G. R., Kosmac, K., Mula, J., Fry, C. S., Peck, B. D., & Jason, S. (2019). Human skeletal muscle macrophages increase following cycle training and are associated with adaptations that may facilitate growth. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 969.
)