نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 پژوهشگاه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری، تهران، ایران و استاد تمام، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.
2 دانشیار بیومکانیک ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.
3 کارشناس ارشد، گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.
4 پژوهشگاه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: نورم های استاندارد و به روز، برای بررسی مداوم وضعیت آمادگی جسمانی اقشار مختلف مردم و پایش وضعیت سلامتی آنان ضرروی هستند. هدف تحقیق حاضر بررسی وضعیت آمادگی جسمانی و تدوین نورم استاندارد زنان و مردان 60-18 سال شهر بیرجند بود. روش تحقیق: در این مطالعه توصیفی، جامعه آماری را افراد 18 تا 60 سال ساکن شهر بیرجند تشکیل دادند. از معادله کوکران برای تعیین حجم نمونه استفاده شد و نمونه‌گیری طی چند مرحله به صورت خوشه ای صورت گرفت. تعداد 400 نفر مرد و زن (از هر جنس 200 نفر) در گروه های سنی 29-18، 39-30، 49-40 و 60-50 سال به‌عنوان نمونه آماری شرکت کردند. از آزمون های شنا سوئدی، نشستن و رساندن، دراز و نشست، دویدن یک مایل راکپورت، و قدرت پنجه دست استفاده گردید. درصد چربی بدن با معادله جکسون و پولاک بدست آمد. به منظور تهیه نورم از روش نمرات استاندارد و برای مقایسه متغیرها بین زنان و مردان و گروه های سنی، از آزمون های t مستقل و یومن ویتنی در سطح معنی داری 05/0>p بهره برداری گردید. یافته ها: ضمن تدوین نورم آمادگی جسمانی، مشخص گردید که در تمام گروه های سنی، مردان دارای قد بلندتر، دور کمر بزرگتر و درصد چربی کمتری نسبت به زنان همسن خود هستند و روند تغییرات دور کمر و درصد چربی در طول عمر افزایشی بود. زنان دارای VO2max کمتری نسبت به مردان همسن خود در همه گروه ها، بجز گروه سنی 60-50 سال بودند. در تمام گروه ها، مردان دارای میانگین قدرت دست و استقامت عضلانی شکم و شانه بهتری نسبت به زنان همسن خود بودند. شاخص های آمادگی جسمانی تحت بررسی، روند کاهشی را در طول عمر نشان دادند؛ اما شیوع چاقی در شهر بیرجند با بالارفتن سن، روند افزایشی داشت و بیشترین مقدار آن در زنان و مردان 60-50 سال بدست آمد. نتیجه گیری: وضعیت آمادگی جسمانی در مردان بهتر از زنان بود و با افزایش دامنه سنی، غالبا افت محسوسی در آمادگی جسمانی هر دو جنس مشاهده شد. در مقایسه با سایر نقاط، در اغلب موارد مردمان استان خراسان جنوبی وضعیت آمادگی جسمانی ضعیف تری داشتند و رفع این کمبودها به برنامه ریزی حرکتی مطلوب نیاز دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Assessment of physical fitness and preparing norm in 18-60 years old of Birjand’s men and women
نویسندگان [English]
- Mohmmad Esmaeil Azalpour 1
- Saeed Ilbeigi 2
- Fateme Chedani 3
- Hossien Ghadimi 3
- Mohammad Shariatzadeh Shariatzadeh 4
1 Sport Sciences Research Institue, Ministry of Sciences, Research and Technology, Teharan, Iran & Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
2 Associate Professor of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
3 MSc, Department of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
4 Sport Sciences Research Institue, Ministry of Sciences, Research and Technology, Teharan, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Background and Aim: Update and standardized norms is necessary for continuous physical fitness evaluation of population and their health monitoring. The aim of this research was to investigate the state of physical fitness and develop a standard norm for men and women aged 18-60 years in Birjand. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, the statistical population consisted of people aged 18-60 years living in Birjand. It was used the Cochran’s sampling scheme and it is applied based of cluster sampling. Four hundred Birjand’s men and women (200 persons per each sex group) in age groups of 18-29, 30-39, 40-49, and 50-60 years old selected as statistical sample. It is applied the floor push-ups, sit & reach, sit-ups, the 1-mile Rockport walk and hand grip tests for data collection. Fat percent was determined using Jackson & Pollock formula. We applied standardized scores for providing of physical fitness norm and it was used the independent-t and Mann-Whitney U tests at the siginificant level of p<0.05 for age group and sex comparisons. Results: After providing of physical fitness norm, it is recognized that men in the whole groups were taller in height, bigger in waist circumference, and lower in fat percent than women and differences slope of the waist and body fat indices were rising. Women had a lower VO2max than men in whole groups despite of 50-60 years old. On the other hand, men obtained better grip strength, and shoulder and abdomen endurance than women in whole groups. Besides, measured physical fitness characteristics have shown a decline slope in long life; while fat distribution in Birjand had a rising slope along with age and it showed biggest in 50-60 years old men and women groups. Conclusion: Men have better physical fitness than women and it was observed a sensible falling in physical fitness of participants parallel to their age rising. Based on comparing to the other locations, Birjand’s population were weaker in majority of the physical fitness status and it is necessary to design feasible motor paln for their improvements.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Physical fitness
- Obesity
- Standard Norm
- South Khorasan
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