نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دکتری فیزیولوژی ورزش، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.
2 دانشیار طب ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.
3 دانشیار فیزیولوژی ورزش، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.
4 دانشیار گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه بجنورد، بجنورد، ایران.
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: تمرینات ورزشی در محیط‌های هایپوکسی اثرات فیزیولوژیک متفاوتی بر دستگاه های مختلف بدن می‌گذارند که میتواند سازگاری‌های مفیدی در بدن ورزشکاران ایجاد کند. هدف تحقیق حاضر بررسی تأثیر 8 هفته تمرینات سرعتی تکراری در شرایط هایپوکسی و نورموکسی بر میزان عامل رشد اندوتلیال عروقی (VEGF) شناگران بود. روش تحقیق: تحقیق حاضر از نوع مطالعات نیمه تجربی با طرح پیش آزمون و پس آزمون است که در آن 30 شناگر نخبه دختر شرکت داشتند. این افراد به صورت تصادفی در سه گروه 10 نفری شامل دو گروه تجربی (گروه تمرینی در شرایط هایپوکسی و گروه تمرینی در شرایط نورموکسی) و گروه کنترل قرار گرفتند. برنامه تمرینی برای هر دو گروه تجربی به مدت 8 هفته مشتمل بر 2 جلسه تمرین با ارگومتر شنا و 3 جلسه تمرین در استخر به اجرا درآمد. پروتکل تمرینی با شدت و مدت زمان یکسان (9 کوشش 30 ثانیه ای با شدت 80 درصد حداکثر اجرا، همراه با 2 دقیقه استراحت بین هر کوشش) بر روی ارگومتر شنا اجرا گردید؛ با این تفاوت که تمرینات گروه تمرین در شرایط هایپوکسی با فشار سهمی اکسیژن 14 درصد معادل شرایط فشار اکسیژن در ارتفاع 3500 متر انجام شد. گروه کنترل در این زمان فقط به اجرای 5 جلسه تمرین عادی شنای خود پرداختند. مقادیر VEGF هر سه گروه، قبل و بعد از 8 هفته به روش الایزا سنجیده شد. نتایج توسط نرم افزار آماری SPSS نسخه 16 با استفاده از آزمون آماری تحلیل واریانس در سطح معنی داری 0/05≥p استخراج گردید. یافته ها: در هر دو گروه هایپوکسی (0/01<p) و نورموکسی (0/04<p) میانگین پس آزمون VEGF بالاتر از پیش آزمون بود؛ اما این تفاوت بین گروه ها از لحاظ آماری معنی دار نبود (0/05<p). نتیجه گیری: شرایط هایپوکسی ایجاد شده بر اثر تمرین بر افزایش VEGF موثر نبود و بنظر می رسد برای تحـریـک این عامـل رشدی، نیاز به مدت بیشتر فعالیـت در ایـن محیـط و شـدت بالاتر تمرین می باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The effect of 8 weeks of repetitive speed training in hypoxia and normoxia Conditions on vascular endothelial growth factor in women elite swimmers
نویسندگان [English]
- Farahnaz Amirshaghaghi 1
- Fariborz Hovanlo 2
- Maryam Noorshahi 3
- Mohammad Shabani 4
1 Ph.D of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor of Sport Medicine, Faculty of Sport Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Professor of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
4 Associate Professor, Department of Sport Sciences, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Background and Aim: Exercise training in hypoxic conditions may have different physiological effects on body systems that can be beneficial for athletes. The purpose of this study was the effects of 8 weeks of repetitive speed trainingin hypoxia and normoxia conditions on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in swimmers. Materials and Methods: This study is a semi-experimental research with pre-test and post-test which was performed on 30 women elite swimmers. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups including two experimental groups (training group in hypoxia and normoxia conditions) and control group. Training groups exercised 5 sessions per week including 2 training sessions on the stationary ergometer and 3 sessions in swimming pool for 8 weeks. Training protocols for both experimental groups was designed with the same intensity and duration (9 attempts for 30 seconds at 80% of maximum performance, with two minutes of rest) on swimming ergometer. The training of hypoxia group was performed in hypoxia condition stimulated 3500 meter altitude with %14 of Fio2. At this time, the control group only performed 5 normal swimming sessions per week. The vascular endothelial growth factor factors in all three groups were measured by ELISA before and after 8 weeks. By the SPSS software it is applied the one way ANOVA test at the significant level of p≤0.05 for extraction of results. Results: The mean post-test of VEGF was higher than pre-test in both groups of hypoxia (p<0.01) and normoxia (p<0.04) conditions, but these differences were not statistically significant between gruops (p>0.05). Conclusion: Hypoxia conditions induced by exercise protocols were not effective in increasing the VEGF, and it seems that the activating of this factor required more duration and intensity of training in this environment.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Repetitive Speed Training
- Hypoxia
- Normoxia
- Vascular endothelial growth factor
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