Banipal Tataro; Afshar Jafari
Abstract
AbstractBackground and aim: Based upon conflicting findings regarding fat oxidation induced by high-power (sprint) exercise with less than 3-4 bouts/day, the present study investigated the effect of a single and two-bout 20-second Wingate-based exercise (20-sec WBE) on excess post oxygen consumption ...
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AbstractBackground and aim: Based upon conflicting findings regarding fat oxidation induced by high-power (sprint) exercise with less than 3-4 bouts/day, the present study investigated the effect of a single and two-bout 20-second Wingate-based exercise (20-sec WBE) on excess post oxygen consumption (EPOC), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and fat/carbohydrate oxidation rate in overweight/obese men. Materials and Methods: Fourteen middle-aged (35.8±3.1 years) obese and overweight males (body mass index>25 kg/m2) voluntarily participated in a semi-experimental, within-subject, crossover study design (with a single week washout). Respiratory gas data were measured before, during, and 30 minutes after one- and two-bout 20-second high-power (sprint) 20-sec WBE. Warm-up in both protocols and interval in the two-20 sec WBE protocol consisted of 30 sec WBE (with 60-70 RPM) with an exercise-to-recovery ratio 1:1 (with or without a quarter of 7.5% of body weight) that continued cycling at 60 RPM with no resistance for 3 min. Data (Mean ± Standard Deviation) were analyzed using SPSS software at p<0.05. Results: The energy cost during exercise and recovery, EPOC rate, and total carbohydrate oxidation in the two-bout protocol were significantly higher than in the one-bout protocol (p≤0.05). However, the instantaneous and the total accumulated fat oxidation differences (from the beginning to the end of the 30-minute recovery) were not significant between the two protocols (p>0.05). The respiratory exchange ratio (RER) differences between the two protocols were not significant either (p>0.05). Conclusion: Increasing EPOC and daily energy expenditure after only a single- or two-Wingate-based sprint exercise (20-40 sec/day) may be a suitable strategy to improve fat oxidation for those overweight/obese people who do not have spare time to exercise.
Reza Zeinolebadi; Mehrzad Moghadasi; Mohammdamin Edalatmanesh; Mehdi Noora
Abstract
Background and Aim: Dysregulated miRNAs play critical roles in many disorders such as pain in Parkinson's disease. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of swimming training on hypocampic miRNAs gene expression related to pain in rats with Parkinson's disease (PD). Material and Methods: Twenty-one ...
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Background and Aim: Dysregulated miRNAs play critical roles in many disorders such as pain in Parkinson's disease. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of swimming training on hypocampic miRNAs gene expression related to pain in rats with Parkinson's disease (PD). Material and Methods: Twenty-one male Wistar rats (age eight to ten weeks) were divided into healthy control (n=7), PD (n=7) and training (n=7) group. PD induced by injection of 1 mg/kg reserpine to rats in PD and training groups. The rats in the training group performed 6 weeks high-intensity interval training, including 20 times of 30 seconds of swimming with 30 seconds of rest between each time and 3 times a week. mir-23b and mir-let-7 gene expressions were measured in hippocampus using Real Time-PCR. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and LSD post hoc test were run using SPSS-22 at the p<0.05. Results: Data indicated that mir-23b gene expression was lower in PD group compare to the healthy control group (p=0.01), while no significant difference was observed between PD group and training group (p=0.22) and between healthy control group and training group (p=0.09). Data revealed that mir-let-7 gene expression was lower in the PD group compare to the healthy control group, but it not achieved significant statistically (p=0.50). Also, no significant difference was observed between PD group and training group (p=0.82) and between healthy control group and training group (p=0.64). Conclusion: In summary it seems that high-intensity interval swimming training did not affect miRNAs related pain in rats with PD; however future studies are needed.
Mahtab Nasseh; Seyedehozra Mirkazemi; Faride Taghipour jahromi
Abstract
Background and Aim: Assessing the physical fitness of students is necessary to improve their mental and physical health. The present research was Design and Compile the Norm of the second and first physical fitness of High school boys and girls students of South Khorasan province and its comparison with ...
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Background and Aim: Assessing the physical fitness of students is necessary to improve their mental and physical health. The present research was Design and Compile the Norm of the second and first physical fitness of High school boys and girls students of South Khorasan province and its comparison with the national norm. Methods and Materials: The purpose of this research is applied studies and based on strategy, it is descriptive research, which was done by the field method. The statistical population of this research was all boy and girl students of high schools of South Khorasan province in the academic year of 2023-2024 (73,283) that by multi-stage cluster random sampling method; finally 392 people were selected based on Morgan's sampling table. Tests of sit-up, pull-up, sitting and reaching hands, runs of 540 meters were used.After recording the records in each test, descriptive statistics were used to classify and adjust the data, to determine the central tendency and dispersion indicators, Then, the standard norms were compiled using the levels under the natural curve and Z standard scores. To compare the mean of the norm measured characteristics, independent t-test was used at the significance level p≤0.05. Results: girl students 13-17 years in South Khorasan Province were higher than the national norm in abdominal muscle endurance; shoulder girdle muscle endurance, flexibility and respiratory-cardio endurance, boy students 13-17 years in South Khorasan Province had higher shoulder girdle muscle endurance and flexibility than the national norm. Conclusion: Physical fitness of girls was more favorable than the national norm, but in boys, abdominal muscle endurance and respiratory-cardio endurance were weaker than the national norm, which requires proper planning to strengthen these characteristics.
Javad Nakhzari Khodakheir; Mehdi Zarei; Hamid Reza Zolfi; amir shakib
Abstract
Background and Aim: Studies have shown that gremlin-1 is involved in adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity functional training on gremlin-1 levels and insulin resistance in overweight and obese ...
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Background and Aim: Studies have shown that gremlin-1 is involved in adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity functional training on gremlin-1 levels and insulin resistance in overweight and obese women. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 20 overweight and obese women were randomly divided into two groups of high-intensity functional training (n=10) and control (n=10). The subjects of the training group performed high-intensity functional exercises three times a week for eight weeks. In order to measure fasting glucose, insulin resistance and gremlin 1 before and after the intervention, blood samples were taken from the subjects. To analyze the data in SPSS software version 16, analysis of covariance and paired t tests were used at a significance level of 0.05. Results: After eight weeks of high-intensity functional training, body weight (p=0.001), body mass index (p=0.001), fat percentage (p=0.001) and fasting glucose (p=0.001) was significantly reduced in the experimental group compared to the control group. Also, insulin resistance index (p=0.001) and gremlin 1 concentration (p=0.03) decreased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that high-intensity functional training in overweight and obese women leads to a decrease in gremlin-1 levels and insulin resistance. Therefore, these types of exercises can be used as exercise interventions in controlling and reducing complications related to overweight and obesity.
Mohsen Erfanikia; Mohammad Fathi; Masoud Rahmati; Eftekhar Mohammadi
Abstract
Background and purpose: The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of six weeks of progressive aerobic exercise on angiogenic and inflammatory factors of the heart of diabetic male Wistar rats.Materials and methods: 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, diabetic, ...
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Background and purpose: The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of six weeks of progressive aerobic exercise on angiogenic and inflammatory factors of the heart of diabetic male Wistar rats.Materials and methods: 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, diabetic, exercise, and diabetes + exercise. Induction of diabetes was done through intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin solution. The training protocol consisted of six weeks of progressive aerobic training, five sessions per week on the treadmill. 48 hours after the end of the exercise, all the samples were unconscious and then, following the ethical principles, heart isolation was performed. The gene expression of vascular endothelium growth factor vegf) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha tnf-α) in left ventricular tissue was measured by Real-Time PCR method. One-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test and Graph Pad version 8 software were used for statistical analysis and the level of statistical significance was considered as P≤0.05.Findings : The results showed that the expression of the vegf gene in the left ventricle of the heart in the diabetic group was significantly increased compared to the healthy group (p≤0.0001), and the expression of the tnfα gene in the heart tissue was significantly decreased in the diabetic group compared to the healthy group. The expression of vegf gene in the diabetes+exercise group increased significantly compared to the diabetic group (p=0.0036) and the expression of tnfα gene decreased significantly in the diabetes+exercise group compared to the diabetic group.Conclusion: Six weeks of progressive aerobic training can possibly have an effect on reducing inflammation and increasing vascularity in diabetic samples as a suitable non-pharmacological method, and this effect is carried out by modulating the expression of vegf and tnf-α genes.
Hossain Jokar; Sirous Farsi; Mehran Ghahramani
Abstract
Background and purpose: It appears that acute kidney diseases are associated with increased systemic inflammation; nonetheless, even though the favorable role of exercise training and antioxidant supplements has been reported in the kidney tissue, their interactive effect is still not well understood. ...
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Background and purpose: It appears that acute kidney diseases are associated with increased systemic inflammation; nonetheless, even though the favorable role of exercise training and antioxidant supplements has been reported in the kidney tissue, their interactive effect is still not well understood. In this vein, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training and zinc supplementation on the inflammatory markers of kidney tissue in rats following complete unilateral ureteral obstruction. Methodology: In this experimental study, 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats with an age range of 12-16 weeks and a weight range of 220-250 grams were selected; the rats' ureters were completely obstructed during surgery and they were randomly divided into four groups including: (1) nephrectomy control, (2) zinc supplementation, (3) resistance training, and (4) resistance training + zinc supplementation. Also, to investigate the effects of nephrectomy, 8 healthy rats were assigned in the healthy control group and 8 rats that underwent surgery with no kidney obstruction were assigned in the sham group. The resistance training groups climbed 30-100% of their body weight three times a week for eight weeks. The zinc supplementation groups received 30 mg/kg zinc supplement orally each day. To analyze the data, one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc test and two-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni's post hoc test were used. Findings: The results showed that TNF-α and CRP levels were significantly lower in the training and supplementation groups than the non-training (control) groups (P=0.001). Also, the interaction of training and supplementation was significant in reducing CRP levels in rats following unilateral ureteral obstruction (P=0.001). Conclusion: It appears that resistance training and zinc supplementation both individually and interactively have synergistic effects on reducing inflammatory factors; however, further studies are needed about the interactive effect of these factors on TNF-α levels.
