Banipal Tataro; Afshar Jafari
Abstract
Background and Aim: Based on conflicting findings regarding fat oxidation induced by high-power (sprint) exercise with less than 3-4 bouts/day, the present study investigated the effect of a single and two-bout 20-second Wingate-based exercise (20-sec WBE) on excess post oxygen consumption (EPOC), respiratory ...
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Background and Aim: Based on conflicting findings regarding fat oxidation induced by high-power (sprint) exercise with less than 3-4 bouts/day, the present study investigated the effect of a single and two-bout 20-second Wingate-based exercise (20-sec WBE) on excess post oxygen consumption (EPOC), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and fat/carbohydrate oxidation rate in overweight/obese men. Materials and Methods: Fourteen middle-aged (mean 35.8±3.1 years) obese and overweight males (body mass index>25 kg/m2) voluntarily participated in a semi-experimental, within-subject, crossover study design (with a single week washout). Respiratory gas data were measured before, during, and 30 minutes after one- and two-bout 20-second high-power (sprint) 20-sec WBE. Warm-up in both protocols and interval in the two-20 sec WBE protocol consisted of 30 sec WBE (at speed 60-70 RPM) with an exercise-to-recovery ratio 1:1 with or without a quarter of 7.5 percent of body weight that continued cycling at 60 RPM with no resistance for three minutes. The data were analyzed using paired-t and repeated ANOVA tests at a significance level of p≤0.05. Results: The energy cost during exercise and recovery, EPOC rate, and total carbohydrate oxidation in the two-bout protocol were significantly higher than in the one-bout protocol. However, the instantaneous and the total accumulated fat oxidation differences (from the beginning to the end of the 30-minute recovery) were not significant between the two protocols. However, no significant difference were found in RER between the two protocols. Conclusion: Increasing EPOC and daily energy expenditure after only a single- or two-Wingate-based sprint exercise (20-40 sec/day) may be a suitable strategy to improve fat oxidation for those overweight/obese people who do not have spare time to exercise.
Reza Zeinolebadi; Mehrzad Moghadasi; Mohammdamin Edalatmanesh; Mehdi Noora
Abstract
Background and Aim: Dysregulated miRNAs play critical roles in many disorders such as pain in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The aim of this study was to examine the effect of swimming training on hypocampic miRNAs gene expression related to pain in rats with PD. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one male ...
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Background and Aim: Dysregulated miRNAs play critical roles in many disorders such as pain in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The aim of this study was to examine the effect of swimming training on hypocampic miRNAs gene expression related to pain in rats with PD. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one male Wistar rats (age eight to 10 weeks) were divided (n=7) into healthy control, PD, and training groups. PD was induced by injection of one mg/kg Reserpine to rats in PD and training groups. The rats in the training group performed six weeks of high-intensity interval training, including 20 times of 30 seconds of swimming with 30 seconds rest between each time and three times a week. mir-23b and mir-let-7 gene expressions were measured in hippocampus using Real Time-PCR method. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and LSD tests at a significant level of p<0.05. Results: The hypocampic mir-23b gene expression was significantly lower in PD compare to the healthy control group (p=0.01), while no significant difference was observed between PD and training groups (p=0.22); and between healthy control and training groups (p=0.09). On the other hand, hypocampic mir-let-7 gene expression did not significantly difference between PD and healthy control group (p=0.50); moreover, no significant difference was observed between PD and training (p=0.82); and healthy and training (p=0.64) groups. Conclusion: It seems that high-intensity interval swimming training did not affect miRNAs related pain in rats with PD; however, due to existing limitations, more investigations are needed.
Mahtab Nasseh; Seyedehozra Mirkazemi; Faride Taghipour jahromi
Abstract
Background and Aim: Assessing the physical fitness of students is necessary to improve their mental and physical health. The present research was to design and develop the norm of physical fitness of boy and girl students of the second and first high school of South Khorasan province and its comparison ...
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Background and Aim: Assessing the physical fitness of students is necessary to improve their mental and physical health. The present research was to design and develop the norm of physical fitness of boy and girl students of the second and first high school of South Khorasan province and its comparison with the national norm. Materials and Methods: The current research was of the type of applied studies and based on the strategy, it can be considered as a type of descriptive research that was carried out in the field method. The statistical population of this research was all boy and girl students of high schools of south Khorasan province during the academic year of 2023-2024 (73283 person) that 392 people were selected as statistical sample based on Morgan’s sampling table by multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Sit-up, pull-up, sitting and reaching hands, runs of 540 meters tests were applied. After measuring the records in each test, descriptive statistics were used to classify and adjust the data, to determine the central tendency and dispersion indicators, then, the standard norms were compiled using the levels under the natural curve and Z standard scores. Independent t-test was used to compare the average of the measured characteristics at a significance level of p≤0.05. Results: Girl students 13-17 years old in south Khorasan province showed significantly higher scores in abdominal muscle endurance; shoulder girdle muscle endurance, flexibility and cardio-respiratory endurance than the national norm, but, the boy students had higher scores in shoulder girdle muscle endurance and flexibility than the national norm. Conclusion: In terms of physical fitness, girls had a better condition than the national norm, but in boys, abdominal muscle endurance and cardio-respiratory endurance were weaker than the national norm, which requires proper planning to strengthen these characteristics.
Javad Nakhzari Khodakheir; Mehdi Zarei; Hamid Reza Zolfi; Amir Shakib
Abstract
Background and Aim: Studies have shown that Gremlin-1 can be involved in adipose tissue dysfunction such as obesity, type II diabetes and metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity functional training on Gremlin-1 levels and insulin resistance in overweight ...
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Background and Aim: Studies have shown that Gremlin-1 can be involved in adipose tissue dysfunction such as obesity, type II diabetes and metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity functional training on Gremlin-1 levels and insulin resistance in overweight and obese women. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 20 overweight and obese women were randomly divided into high-intensity functional training (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. The subjects performed high-intensity functional exercises three times a week during eight weeks. Moreover, blood samples were taken from subjects to measure fasting glucose, insulin resistance, and Gremlin-1 levels before and after the intervention. Data analyzed by SPSS software version 16, based on the covariance and paired t tests at a significance level of p<0.05. Results: After eight weeks of high-intensity functional training, body weight (p=0.001), body mass index (p=0.001), fat percentage (p=0.001), fasting glucose (p=0.001), insulin resistance index (p=0.001) and Gremlin 1 concentration (p=0.03) were significantly reduced in the experimental group compared to control group. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that high-intensity functional training in overweight and obese women leads to a improve Gremlin-1 levels and insulin resistance; therefore, these types of exercises can be used as exercise interventions in controlling and reducing complications related to overweight and obesity.
Mohsen Erfanikia; Mohammad Fathi; Masoud Rahmati; Eftekhar Mohammadi
Abstract
Background and Aim: Diabetes causes inflammation in the heart, which predisposes to cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of progressive aerobic exercise on expression of vascular endothelium growth factor (vegf) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha ...
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Background and Aim: Diabetes causes inflammation in the heart, which predisposes to cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of progressive aerobic exercise on expression of vascular endothelium growth factor (vegf) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnfα) of the heart of diabetic male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Forty male Wistar rats (weight 253.09 ± 12.92 grams, age 8-10 weeks) were randomly divided into four groups: control, diabetic, exercise, and diabetes + exercise. Induction of diabetes was done through intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin solution at the rate of 50 mg/kg. The training protocol consisted of six weeks of progressive aerobic training, five sessions per week on the treadmill. The gene expression of vegf and tnfα in left ventricular tissue was measured by Real-Time PCR method. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests were used for statistical analysis at p>0.05 level. Results: The expression of the vegf and tnfα genes in the left ventricle of the heart in the diabetic group was significantly increased (p<0.0001) and decreased (p<0.0001) respectively compared to the healthy group. On the other hand, the expression of vegf and tnfα genes in the left ventricle of the diabetes + exercise group increased (p<0.003) and decreased respectively (p<0.0001) compared to the diabetes group. Conclusion: Progressive aerobic training can considered as a suitable non-pharmacological method for reduction of the inflammation and also to improve angiogenesis in diabetic samples.
Hossain Jokar; Sirous Farsi; Mehran Ghahramani
Abstract
Background and Aim: Role of exercise training and antioxidant supplements has been reported in the kidney tissue, but their interactive effect is still not well understood. This research examines the effect of eight weeks of resistance training and zinc supplementation on tumor necrosis factor alpha ...
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Background and Aim: Role of exercise training and antioxidant supplements has been reported in the kidney tissue, but their interactive effect is still not well understood. This research examines the effect of eight weeks of resistance training and zinc supplementation on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and C -reactive protein (CRP) of kidney tissue in rats following complete unilateral ureteral obstruction. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats with an age range of 12-16 weeks and a weight range of 220-250 grams were selected; the rats ureters were completely obstructed during surgery, were randomly divided into four groups including: nephrectomy control, Zinc supplementation, resistance training, and resistance training + Zinc supplementation. Moreover, to investigate the effects of nephrectomy, eight healthy rats were assigned in the healthy control group and eight one that underwent surgery with no kidney obstruction were assigned in the sham group. The resistance training groups performed climbing with an intensity of 30-100% of their body weight three times a week for eight weeks. The Zinc supplementation groups received 30 mg/kg/w Zinc supplement orally each day. To analyze the data, one-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post hoc test were used at p<0.05 level. Results: The results showed significant reduction in TNF-α and CRP levels in both training and supplementation groups than the non-training (control) groups (p=0.001). Also, the interaction of training and supplementation was significant in reducing CRP levels in rats following unilateral ureteral obstruction (p=0.001). Conclusion: It appears that resistance training and Zinc supplementation both individually and interactively, have synergistic effects on reducing inflammatory factors; however, further studies are needed about the interactive effect of these factors on TNF-α levels.