نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• محمدرضا یوسفی ¹
• فاطمه اسماعیلی ²

¹ استادیارگروه علوم ورزشی، واحد ایلام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایلام، ایران.

² کارشناس ارشد فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ایلام، ایران.

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: چاقی کودکان یک چالش بهداشت عمومی در جهان است. در دهه‌‌های اخیر شیوع اضافه وزن و چاقی در میان کودکان و نوجوانان سراسر جهان افزایش یافته که با افزایش خطر چاقی در دوران بزرگسالی همراه می‌‌باشد. هدف از این مطالعه، مقایسه تأثیر هشت هفته دویدن تناوبی شدید و تمرین ایروبیک بر سطوح سرمی نوروگلین-4 و نیم‌‌رخ متابولیکی دانش‌‌آموزان دختر چاق مقطع ابتدایی بود. روش تحقیق: جامعه آماری شامل دختران چاق مقطع ابتدایی 12-7 سال شهرستان ایلام با شاخص توده بدنی در محدوده صدک 95 یا بیشتر بودند. از این بین، تعداد 30 نفر به عنوان نمونه انتخاب و در سه گروه دویدن تناوبی شدید (I)، تمرین ایروبیک (II)، و گروه کنترل (III) (هر گروه 10 نفر) گروه بندی شدند. برنامه دویدن تناوبی شدید با شدت 60 تا 70 درصد حداکثر ضربان قلب در هفته اول و 90 تا 100 درصد حداکثر ضربان قلب در هفته پایانی و تمرینات ایروبیک  با شدت 60 تا 75 درصد حداکثر ضربان قلب به مدت هشت هفته و هر هفته سه جلسه به اجرا در آمد. متغیرهای انسولین، گلوکز و تری‌گلیسیرید توسط دستگاه اتوآنالیزور به روش فتومتریک و نوروگلین-4 به روش الایزا مورد سنجش قرار گرفتند. برای تحلیل نتایج، از آزمون تحلیل واریانس یک‌‌راهه و آزمون تعقیبی توکی در سطح معنی‌‌داری  05/0>p استفاده شد. یافته‌‌ها: هشت هفته دویدن تناوبی شدید و تمرین ایروبیک موجب افزایش سطوح سرمی نوروگلین-4 (01/0=p) و کاهش معنی‌‌دار انسولین (04/0=p)، تری‌‌گلیسیرید (01/0=p) و مقاومت به انسولین (006/0=p) دانش‌‌آموزان گردید؛ اما سطح سرمی گلوکز دانش‌‌آموزان تغییر معنی‌‌داری نکرد (85/0=p). نتیجه‌‌گیری: دویدن تناوبی شدید و ایروبیک از طریق بهبود وضعیت متابولیک، می‌‌تواند موجب کاهش خطر  بیماری‌‌های مرتبط با چاقی دانش آموزان شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• تمرین تناوبی شدید
• تمرین ایروبیک
• دختران چاق
• نیم‌‌رخ متابولیکی
• نوروگلین-4

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of the effect of eight-week of high-intensity interval running and aerobics training on the serum levels of Neuregulin-4 and the metabolic profile of obese elementary school girls

نویسندگان [English]

• Mohammad Reza Yousefi ¹
• Fatemeh Esmaiili ²

¹ Assistant Professor at Department of Sport Sciences, IL.C, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran.

² MSc in Exercise Physiology, Department of Sport Sciences, IL.C, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Extended Abstract
Background and Aim: In recent decades, the global prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents has increased significantly, raising concerns due to its association with a higher risk of obesity in adulthood. Evidence indicates a strong correlation between the severity of childhood obesity and the development of metabolic disorders such as glucose intolerance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia during adolescence and later in life (1). Childhood obesity is also associated with an increased risk of several metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, which represents a major link between obesity and other metabolic and cardiovascular complications. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of eight weeks of high-intensity interval running (HIIR) and aerobics training on serum Neureglin-4 levels and the metabolic profile in obese female elementary school students (2, 3). 
Materials and Methods: The statistical population consisted of obese girls elementary school aged 7-12 years in Ilam city, with a body mass index (BMI) at or above the 95th percentile. From this population, 30 participants were randomly selected and assigned to three groups: HIIR (I), aerobics training (II), and control group (III) (each group of 10 people). The HIIR program was conducted with an intensity of 60-70 percent of maximum heart rate in the first week, progressing to 90–100 percent in the final week. The aerobic training program was conducted at an intensity of 60–75 percent  of maximum heart rate. Both interventions lasted for eight weeks, with three sessions per week. Insulin, glucose, and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured using an autoanalyzer with the photometric method, while serum Neuregulin-4 levels were assessed using an ELISA method. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc test, with a significance level set at p<0.05.
 Findings: Eight weeks of HIIR and aerobics exercise significantly increased serum levels of Neureglin-4 (p=0.01) and significantly decreased insulin (p=0.04), TG (p=0.01), and insulin resistance (p=0.006) in participants. However, serum glucose levels did not change significantly (p=0.85). Analysis of the physiological effects of HIIR and aerobics training on metabolic health indicators revealed that both trainings modalities led to significant improvements in several biomarkers. Based on the findings presented, both types of trainings increased Neureglin-4 levels compared to the control group. However, HIIR had a greater effect with an increase of 1.45 ng/mmol than aerobic training (0.32 ng/mmol), and according to the results of the Tukey post-hoc test, this difference is significant (p=0.01). 
Conclusion: The observed increase in Neuregulin-4 levels following training may be attributed to enhanced fat metabolism and weight reduction (34, 35). Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise induces the secretion of several lipolytic hormones and activation of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, which increases fat metabolism in the body as a major source of energy (36). Meanwhile, high-intensity interval training has better metabolic responses, increasing metabolic pathways and mitochondrial activity in adipose tissue, which underlies fat burning in the body (37, 38). Furthermore, HIIR is often accompanied by significant energy expenditure, and this optimal fat burning contributes to increased circulating Neureglin-4 levels (39). The present study showed that HIIR effectively reduces weight in obese children. This finding indicates a decrease in fat mass in these individuals. Weight loss due to physical activity leads to increased adiponectin levels. Increased levels of this indicator improve glucose and lipid metabolism, increase insulin sensitivity, and reduce obesity-related diseases (35, 40). Increased levels of Neureglin-4 are associated with reduced plasma glucose, insulin, and TG levels. Moreover, higher circulating Neuregulin-4 levels help mitigate inflammation, improve insulin resistance, and prevent further weight gain (17). The HIIR and aerobics training can reduce the risk of obesity-related diseases  in obese elementary school girls by improving metabolic status.
Ethical Considerations: This study has received ethical approval from Ilam Azad University, code number EE/92.24.3.17666/scu.ac.ir. All participants were informed about the study procedures and provided written informed consent.
Compliance with Ethical Guidelines: The research followed the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki and institutional guidelines. Participation was voluntary, and confidentiality was maintained.
Funding: This article is taken from the master’s thesis of Islamic Azad University, Ilam Branch and was completed using personal funds.
Conflict of Interest:  The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this study.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• High intensity interval training
• Aerobics training
• Obese girls
• Metabolic profile
• Neuregulin-4