نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 کارشناسی ارشد فیزیولوژی ورزش، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران.
2 استادیار گروه فیزیولوژی ورزش، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: فعالیت دوگانه به سالمندان توصیه می‌‌شود، در حالی که این تمرینات بار متابولیکی اندکی بر ساختار عضلانی اسکلتی تحمیل می‌‌کند. بنابراین، هدف پژوهش حاضر تعیین اثر هشت هفته فعالیت پیاده روی- شناختی همراه با محدودیت جریان خون بر کیفیت عضلانی و تراکم استخوانی سالمندان زن بود. روش تحقیق: تعداد 28 زن سالمند (90/2±1/63 سال) واجد شرایط و داوطلب در تحقیق، به صورت تصادفی در سه گروه (10=n) تمرین هوازی - شناختی (CAG)، هوازی - شناختی با محدودیت جریان خون (CAOG)، و کنترل (CG) قرار گرفتند. آزمودنی‌‌های گروه‌‌های تجربی تمرین پیاده‌‌روی - شناختی شامل 20 دقیقه فعالیت پیاده روی - شناختی را با شدت 45 درصد حداکثر ضربان قلب ذخیره به مدت هشت هفته با تکرار سه جلسه در هفته اجرا کردند. در گروه انسداد جریان خون، دو جفت کاف به قسمت بالای هر دو ران بسته شد. فشار کاف 50 درصد فشار انسداد شریانی بود و به میزان 10 درصد، هر دو هفته یک بار افزوده شد. فعالیت‌‌های شناختی شامل شمارش معکوس، یادآوری اشیا و بازی کلمات بود. کیفیت عضلات بالا و پایین تنه، قدرت عضلانی بالا و پایین تنه و آزمون شناختی و عملکرد جسمانی قبل و بعد از اجرای پروتکل تحقیق بررسی شد. از آزمون تحلیل کوواریانس برای تحلیل یافته‌‌ها در سطح معنی‌‌داری 05/0>p استفاده گردید. یافته‌‌ها: بهبود معنی‌‌دار در شاخص‌‌های کیفیت عضلات پایین تنه (001/0=p)، قدرت پایین تنه (001/0=p)، آزمون عملکردی (001/0=p)، توده چربی (001/0=p) و درصد چربی (001/0=p) در گروه CAOG نسبت به دو گروه دیگر مشاهده شد. به علاوه، بهبود معنی‌‌دار در توده بدنی (001/0=p)، شاخص توده بدنی (001/0=p) و آزمون شناختی (001/0=p) در دو گروه تجربی نسبت به گروه کنترل مشاهده گردید. با این وجود، اختلافی در تراکم معدنی استخوانی (08/0=p)، توده بدون چربی (19/0=p) و کیفیت عضلات بالاتنه (09/0=p) بین گروه‌‌ها بدست نیامد. نتیجه‌‌گیری: افزودن انسداد جریان خون به فعالیت پیاده روی، موجب افزایش قدرت عضلات و متعاقباً بهبود کیفیت عضله می‌‌گردد. فعالیت شناختی در حین پیاده روی نیز با بهبود عملکرد شناختی مغز همراه است. از این رو، به سالمندان توصیه می‌‌شود برای کسب مزایای بیشتر حین فعالیت پیاده روی، از فعالیت‌‌های شناختی و محدودیت جریان خون استفاده نمایند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Effect of cognitive-walking training with blood flow restriction on muscle quality and bone density in elderly women
نویسندگان [English]
- Amir Kargaran 1
- Sadegh Amani-Shalamzari 2
1 MSc of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Background and Aim: Dual-task training is recommended for the elderly people; while this kind of training have a low metabolic load on the skeletal muscle structure. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of an eight-week cognitive-walking training with blood flow restriction (BFR) on muscle quality (MQ) and bone density in elderly women. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight eligible elder women (63.1±2.90 yrs.) were randomly assigned into three groups (n=10) including cognitive-aerobic (CAG), cognitive-aerobic with occlusion (CAOG), and control (CG). The subjects in experimental groups trained three times a week for eight weeks; 20-min cognitive-walking training on treadmill at 45% of maximal heart rate reserve. Two pairs of cuffs were tied to the upper part of both thighs in the occlusion group. The cuff pressure was 50% of the calculated arterial occlusion and increased by 10% in every two weeks. Cognitive tasks included counting backward, remembering objects, and making worlds. Before and post performing protocol, MQ of the upper and lower body, cognitive test, and physical function tests were measured. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data at the significance level of p<0.05. Results: Significant improvements in lower body MQ (p=0.001), leg strength (p=0.001), functional test (p=0.001), fat mass (p=0.001), and body fat percentage (p=0.001) were observed in CAOG as compared to other groups. In addition, significant increase were observed in body mass (p=0.001), body mass index (p=0.001), and the cognitive test (p=0.001) in two experimental groups. However, there was no differences in bone mineral density (p=0.08), lean body mass (p=0.19) and arm MQ (p=0.09) between the groups. Conclusion: The blood flow restriction can increases muscle strength and MQ. Cognitive activity during walking is also associated with improved cognitive function in the brain. Hence, the elderly people are advised to use cognitive activities and BFR during walking for more benefits.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Blood flow restriction
- Cognitive training
- Muscle strength
- Body composition
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