Behnam Bagherzadeh Rahmani; Amir Hossein Haghighi; Roya Askari
Abstract
Background and Aim: Finding exercise training that has high and fast effectiveness can encourage obese people to do exercise. The aim of the research was to investigate the effects of twelve weeks of circuit and traditional resistance training combined with aerobic training on interleukin-6, tumor necrosis ...
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Background and Aim: Finding exercise training that has high and fast effectiveness can encourage obese people to do exercise. The aim of the research was to investigate the effects of twelve weeks of circuit and traditional resistance training combined with aerobic training on interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha and muscular strength in obese men. Materials and methods: 36 obese men with a mean ± standard deviation of age 25.75 ± 3.22 (years) and body mass index 35.13 ± 1.3 (kg/m2) were purposefully selected. The participants were randomly divided into three groups: control, traditional resistance training and circuit resistance training. The participants in the training groups first performed resistance training and then aerobic training for 12 weeks and three sessions per week. The intensity of the exercises was changed every four weeks according to the principles of overload and progression. To evaluate the differences between the groups, the statistical method of analysis of variance with repeated measures and Sheffe's post hoc test was used at the significance level of p<0.05. Results: Interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, upper limb strength, lower limb strength and body weight had significant differences between the groups (p<0.001). Interleukin-6 (p<0.001) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (p=0.02) were significantly reduced in all training groups compared to the control group. However, upper limb and lower limb strength increased significantly in all training groups compared to the control group (p<0.001). Body weight decreased significantly only in the circuit resistance training group compared to the control group (p=0.01). Conclusion: Performing 12 weeks of traditional and circuit resistance training concurrently with aerobic training moderates the levels of inflammatory adipokines and improves muscular strength in obese men. But it is suggested to use circuit resistance training to lose more weight.
Elham Ghasemi; Javad Nakhzari Khodakheir
Abstract
Background and Aim: Taking some anti-inflammatory supplements can be effective in reducing inflammation caused by intensity activities. The aim of the present study was to compare the response of netrin-1, TNF-𝛼 and IL-17 to acute continuous and intensity interval exercises after short-term quercetin ...
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Background and Aim: Taking some anti-inflammatory supplements can be effective in reducing inflammation caused by intensity activities. The aim of the present study was to compare the response of netrin-1, TNF-𝛼 and IL-17 to acute continuous and intensity interval exercises after short-term quercetin supplementation in active girls. Materials and Methods: Fourty active girl students (average age: 21.3±61.03; body mass index: 21.3±79.12 kg/m2) were selected purposefully and randomly divided into four groups: continuous + supplement, interval + supplement, continuous + placebo and interval + placebo. Participants took quercetin supplement (1000 mg daily) or placebo for two weeks, and at the beginning and end of the two weeks, there was an acute continuous exercise and intensity interval exercise were implemented. Blood sampling in four stages; In the beginning and after two weeks of supplementation (before and after exercise) were done. The results were extracted using analysis of variance with repeated measures, one-way analysis of variance and post hoc LSD at a significant level (P≤0.05). Results: Continuous and interval exercises caused a significant decrease in the netrin-1 (p=0.01 and p=0.001, respectively) and increase in the TNF-𝛼 (p=0.01 and p=0.01, respectively). While, two weeks of quercetin supplementation was associated with a non-significant decrease in the netrin-1 (p=0.19 and p=0.32, respectively) and increase in the TNF -𝛼 (p=0.54 and p=0.16 respectively) in response to continuous and interval exercises. Also, there was no significant difference in netrin-1 (p=0.18) and TNF-𝛼 (p=0.42) values between continuous and interval groups. Finally, IL-17 response to interval and continuous acute exercises, before and after supplementation, did not show any significant difference (p=0.14). Conclusion: Short-term use of quercetin supplement by improving the inflammatory condition prevents inflammation caused by interval and continuous acute exercises in active girls.
Behnaz Shokri; Hamid Mohebbi; Javad Mehrabani
Abstract
Background and Aim: Fructose intake contributes to fat buildup and systemic inflammation in the liver, which can impair its function and result in fibrosis. In contrast, physical activity and vitamin D3 supplementation have demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to assess the effects ...
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Background and Aim: Fructose intake contributes to fat buildup and systemic inflammation in the liver, which can impair its function and result in fibrosis. In contrast, physical activity and vitamin D3 supplementation have demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to assess the effects of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), vitamin D3 supplementation, and their combined influence on inflammation and liver function markers in male Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to a high-fructose diet. Materials and Methods: Forty rats were allocated into five groups (n = 8 each): Control with Standard Diet (CS), Control with High Fructose Diet (10% (w/v) fructose solution in tap water) (CF), High Fructose Diet with HIIT (high intensity interval training, corresponding to 85%–90% of the maximal speed) (FT), High Fructose Diet with Vitamin D3 supplementation (FD), and High Fructose Diet with both HIIT and Vitamin D3 (FTD). The intervention was conducted over 12 weeks. Various assays (ELISA, GOD-POD, auto analyzer, coagulation analyzer) and staining methods (Masson's trichrome, immunofluorescence) were utilized to assess levels of insulin, interlukin-1ß (IL-1ß), interlukin-10 (IL-10), fasting blood glucose, albumin, leukocytes, prothrombin time (PT), liver fibrosis, and macrophage polarization (M1 and M2). The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a significance level of p<0.05. Results: Both HIIT and vitamin D3 supplementation led to significant reductions in IL-1ß, IL-10, M1 and M2 macrophage polarization, leukocytes, PT, while significantly increasing serum albumin levels. HIIT proved to be more effective than vitamin D3 in reducing cytokine levels and PT. The combined approach of HIIT and vitamin D3 exhibited a greater impact on all measured factors. Conclusion: HIIT is more effective than vitamin D3 supplementation in reducing hepatic inflammation and improving liver function. The combination of HIIT and vitamin D3 supplementation offers additional protective benefits against the negative effects of a high-fructose diet.
Hasan Naghizadeh; Faeze Heydari; Zahra Rostami
Abstract
Background and Aim: The use of medicinal plants along with exercise especially in obese people has received much attention due to the modulation of inflammatory and oxidative responses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) ...
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Background and Aim: The use of medicinal plants along with exercise especially in obese people has received much attention due to the modulation of inflammatory and oxidative responses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and green tea supplement on serum levels of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), amyloid beta-42 (Aβ42) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in untrained obese elderly men. Materials and Methods: Forty eight obese elderly men (age 65.42±3.16 years and body mass index 30.93±1.15 kg/m2) were randomly divided into four groups of 12 people including HIIT, supplement green tea, HIIT+ green tea supplement and control- placebo. HIIT training was carried out for eight weeks and three sessions per week. Green tea supplement in the form of six capsules per day in the amount of 450 mg was received by the target groups. Testing was done 48 hours before and after the last training session. The AChE and AB42 were measured by ELISA and MDA by TBARS method. Results were extracted using by analysis of variance with repeated measurement, analysis of variance two -way and Tukey’s post hoc tests at a significance level of p<0.05. Results: The most significant changes (decrease) in body mass index (p=0.01, 3.50%) and percent body fat (p=0.0001, 11.07%); and a significant increase in maximum oxygen consumption (p=0.02, 9.22%) was observed in the HIIT+ green tea group. The combined effect of HIIT and green tea supplementation showed a significant decrease in AChE (p=0.0001, 19.91%), Aβ42 (p=0.0001, 27.99%), and MDA (p=0.01, 26.09%). Moreover, the HIIT caused significant decrease in AChE (p=0.02, 15.67%), Aβ42 (p=0.01, 16.22%) and MDA (p=0.01, 14.14%); and green tea supplement caused a significant decrease in Aβ42 (p=0.023, 6.19%). Conclusion: The combined intervention of HIIT with green tea supplement compared to the effect of each one alone, causes a further improvement of inflammatory and oxidative indices in obese elderly men.
Bakhtyar Tartibian; Mir Yousef Batahai Zadeh; Seyed Morteza Taybi; Bagher Rezaei
Abstract
Background and Aim: In wrestling, the rest time between two rounds of the competition is short; therefore, these conditions these conditions cause the body to lose and not completely regenerate its energy reserves, and the person is tired and eventually prone to injury. On the other hand, such activities, ...
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Background and Aim: In wrestling, the rest time between two rounds of the competition is short; therefore, these conditions these conditions cause the body to lose and not completely regenerate its energy reserves, and the person is tired and eventually prone to injury. On the other hand, such activities, which are performed with intense eccentric contractions are associated with mechanical and metabolic disorders. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of short-term Inflamma-X supplementation on muscle damage and inflammatory markers following the combined SWPT-SWFT protocol in wrestlers. Materials and Methods: 24 young wrestlers were randomly divided into two supplement-exercise groups (12 people) and placebo-exercise groups (12 people). From 10 days before the implementation of the combined protocol, the wrestlers consumed two daily supplements of Inflamma-X with a dose of 15 mg or a placebo with the same amount and number as fasting. Blood samples were taken before the start of the combined protocol, immediately after the first, second and fourth stages of the protocol, and finally 48 hours after the combined protocol. Levels of keratin kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), reactive protein - C(CRP) indicators were evaluated by the Eliza method. In order to analyze the data, the method of analysis of variance with combined repeated measurement was used at the significance level of p<0.05. Results: In none of the stages of blood sampling, serum CK and LDH values were not significantly different between the two groups (p<0.05). However, the serum CRP values of the supplement group in the fourth and fifth stages were significantly lower than the placebo group (p<0.05); While in the first, second and third blood sampling stages; There was no significant difference between the two groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: It seems that in wrestling competitions, the use of Inflamma-X supplement can be beneficial in the prevention of general inflammation. But more research is needed on the role of this supplement in preventing increased muscle injury markers in wrestlers.
Vahid Moghaddam; Mahmood Soltani; ,Hamed Almasi vand
Abstract
Background and Aim: Physical activity based on intensity and duration could have an effective impact on cognitive status. Moreover, using the herbal supplement along with exercise training regulates the secretion of pre-inflammatory cytokines, and has a positive impact on the cognitive status. ...
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Background and Aim: Physical activity based on intensity and duration could have an effective impact on cognitive status. Moreover, using the herbal supplement along with exercise training regulates the secretion of pre-inflammatory cytokines, and has a positive impact on the cognitive status. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of 12 weeks aerobic exercise and saffron supplement consumption on cognitive condition and serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in elderly men. Materials and Methods: Forty men with average age of 68.12±2.99 years and body mass index of 25.77±1.2 kg/m2 were purposefully selected and randomly divided into four equal groups (n=10) including aerobic exercise, saffron, aerobic exercise+saffron and placebo. The interventions were conducted for 12 weeks. Aerobic exercise included 8 minutes running up to 75-85 percent of maximal reserve heart rate were performed in the first session. In every two sessions, one minute was added to the running time, so that after 12 weeks, the running time reached to 26 minutes. Saffron supplement was taken daily in the form of capsules with a dose of 200 mg. Measurement of IL-1β and TNF-α were done using Elisa method. Cognitive status was measured by MMSE questionnaire. Data were analyzed by mixed design analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test at the significant level of p<0.05. Results: Serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in three intervention groups decreased significantly; but it indicated higher changes after exercise+saffron intervention (p<0.05). Moreover, cognitive status improved significantly in the intervention groups than placebo group; so that this improvement was higher in the exercise+saffron group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Consuming saffron supplements along with aerobic exercise, at least for 12 weeks, is associated with improving cognitive status and reducing inflammatory factors in the elderly; these changes probably prevent cognitive disorders and Alzheimer’s disease in old age.
Shirin Banitalebi dehkordi; Mohammad Faramarzi; Mostafa Rahimi; Afrasiab Sadeghi
Abstract
Background and Aim: Beach soccer as a new exciting and popular field of sport is spreading rapidly around the world. However, so far, limited accurate and documented information is available about the physical and physiological needs of this sport. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes ...
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Background and Aim: Beach soccer as a new exciting and popular field of sport is spreading rapidly around the world. However, so far, limited accurate and documented information is available about the physical and physiological needs of this sport. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in resting levels of some inflammatory, muscle damage, aerobic and anaerobic indices of beach soccer players in the pre-season, mid-season and end of the premier league season. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study with repeated measures design, 13 elite beach soccer players (Mean± SD: age 24.64±4.01 year, body mass index 22.76±2.36 kg/m2 and maximum oxygen consumption 38.60±5.48 ml/kg/min) were selected. Measurements of aerobic and anaerobic power and alanin amino teransferase (ALT), aspartat amino teransferse (AST), certain phosphokinase (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) indices were measured in the 98-99 pro league in pre-season, mid-season and also at the end of the season. The repeated measure analysis of variance and Bonferroni tests were used to examine the changes at the significant level of p<0.05. Results: Significant increase in ALT (p=0.04) and also decrease in anaerobic power (p=0.001) was observed from pre-season to the end of the season. LDH levels showed a significant increase in the mid-season compared to the pre-season (p=0.04) and as the same the significant decrease also was found at the end of the season compared to the mid-season (p=0.01). However, no significant changes were observed in AST (p=0.50), CPK (p=0.15) and aerobic power (p=0.11) during the competition season. Conclusion: Due to the physiological pressure for beach soccer players at different stages, it is recommended that players in this field should be monitored for biochemical and functional parameters during the competition season, and based on that, training, nutrition and recovery programs could be optimized.
Elahe Talebi- Garakani; Marva Vosough; Shokoufeh Kheradmand; Rozita Fathi
Abstract
Background and Aim: Inflammatory factors and related disorders (including insulin resistance) increase with the onset of menopause in overweight women; thus the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise training on plasma levels of calprotectin and insulin ...
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Background and Aim: Inflammatory factors and related disorders (including insulin resistance) increase with the onset of menopause in overweight women; thus the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise training on plasma levels of calprotectin and insulin resistance in overweight post-menopausal and peri-menopausal women. Materials and Methods: Twenty seven overweight women (BMI>25 kg/m2) participated in this study. Subjects were divided into two groups including 13 post-menopausal women (mean age 53.46±5.76 years), and 14 peri-menopausal women (mean age 32.50±7.85 years). The training program consisted of eight weeks of aerobic exercise training, three sessions per week, up to 40-80% of maximal reserve heart rate; each session lasted 25 minutes in the first week and reached to 45 minutes in the 8th week of training. Plasma levels of calprotectin, insulin, glucose, and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were measured before and 48 hours after the end of training. Paired t-test was used to determine intragroup changes; while analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test were applied to compare intergroup changes at the significant level of p<0.05. Results: The results of paired t-test showed that plasma levels of calprotectin increased significantly in both post-menopausal (p=0.01) and peri-menopausal (p=0.04) women after exercise; but the analysis of covariance test did not show any significant differences (p=0.80) between two groups. Moreover, plasma insulin (p=0.009) concentration and insulin resistance (p=0.03) significantly reduced in post-menopausal women, while in peri-menopausal women was associated with a significant increase (p=0.01) in insulin resistance. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that aerobic exercise training increases the levels of calprotectin in overweight post-menopausal and peri-menopausal women, and this increase appears to be independent of changes in insulin and insulin resistance in these women.
Ameneh Pourrahim Ghouroghchi; Ali Ahmadzadeh; Roghayeh Afroundeh
Abstract
Background and Aim: The effect of resistance training and cold water immersion on muscle injury and inflammation is not clear. The aim of this study was to study the effect of 8-weeks resistance training and cold water immersion on muscle injury and inflammation responses following an acute strength ...
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Background and Aim: The effect of resistance training and cold water immersion on muscle injury and inflammation is not clear. The aim of this study was to study the effect of 8-weeks resistance training and cold water immersion on muscle injury and inflammation responses following an acute strength activity in futsal players men. Materials and Methods: Twenty futsal players (age 26±3.07 years and body mass index 24±3.40 kg/m2) volunteered to participate in the study and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. After first blood sampling, both groups performed one session of acute circular resistance training with 75% of 1-RM at 5 stations, 3 sets, 8-10 repetitions, and a 90-second rest between sets and a 5-minute rest between stations. The second blood sampling was performed after 48 hours. The experimental group performed 8 weeks of circular resistance training, 3 sessions per week like the acute resistance training and immediately after exercise were immersed, 20 minutes at 5-10°C in cold water. Forty eight hours after last training session, blood sampling was performed. Then, both experimental and control groups performed the second acute circular resistance training and one hour later, the fourth blood sampling was performed. The differences of variables at different time intervals were compared with 2×4 two-way ANOVA and Independent samples t-test at p < 0.05. Cearitine kinase (CK) was measured with Iran Alpha Classic Autoanalyzer and Bionic kit; while white blood cells (WBC) count and their subclasses were measured with BC-3000 hematologic auto analyzer and China Mindry kit. The differences between the variables at different times were analyzed by 4* 2 two-way ANOVA and the differences between the two groups were determined by independent t-test at p < 0.05. Results: CK (p=0.001), WBC and neutrophils (p=0.001) significantly were increased in both groups after the first acute resistance training. After 8 weeks of resistance training-cold water immersion CK (p=0.004), WBC, neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes (p=0.001) significantly decreased in experimental group as compared to the control group. 8 weeks resistance training-cold water immersion significantly decreased CK, WBC, neutrophils (p=0.001), and lymphocytes (p=0.004) in experimental group following the second acute resistance training compared to the control group. Whereas, there was no significant differences in monocytes (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Resistance training along with cold water immersion could reduce muscle damage and inflammation following acute exercise.
Leila Dehghankar; Mandana Gholami; Farshad Ghazalian
Abstract
Background and Aim: Despite the investigation on anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training, the simultaneous effect of exercise training and Zataria Multiflora supplement on inflammatory factors is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the effects of 8 weeks of combined exercise ...
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Background and Aim: Despite the investigation on anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training, the simultaneous effect of exercise training and Zataria Multiflora supplement on inflammatory factors is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the effects of 8 weeks of combined exercise training along with Zataria Multiflora supplement ingestion on serum levels of monocyte chmoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) and insulin resistance in overweight men. Materials and Methods: Forty overweight men with average age of 29.35±2.99 years and body mass index 27.66±1.2 kg/m2 assigned into 4 equal groups including placebo, Zataria Multiflora, training and training+Zataria Multiflora groups. Combined training program (resistance-aerobic) performed for 8 weeks/ in 3 sessions per week. Resistance training program consist of 6 exercises up to 75-80 percent of one-repetition maximum. Moreover, aerobic training program consists of 10-20 minutes running up to 70-75 percent of maximum heart rate. Moreover, Zataria Multiflora and training+Zataria Multiflora groups ingested daily 500 mg Zataria Multiflora capsule. MCP-1 and insulin levels measured by Elisa method and data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance test and Bonferroni post hoc test at significance level of pResults: Both MCP-1 and insulin resistance variables significantly decreased in both training (p < 0.001) and training+ Zataria Multiflora (p < 0.001) groups, while this variation was greater in training+Zataria Multiflora group (p < 0.05). In addition, only insulin resistance significantly decreased in Zataria Multiflora group compared to placebo group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: It seems that exercise training (consist of resistance and aerobic training) with combination of Zataria Multiflora have a positive synergic effect for overweight subjects that it caused by modulating of the inflammatory markers such as MCP-1 and reduction of insulin resistance.
Iman khakroo Abkenar; Farhad Rahmani-nia; Giovanni Lombardi
Abstract
Background and Aim: The results of the studies showed that the intensity and volume of aerobic exercise activities can make different responses to the immune system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute and chronic effects of moderate and high intensity aerobic exercises on the signaling ...
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Background and Aim: The results of the studies showed that the intensity and volume of aerobic exercise activities can make different responses to the immune system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute and chronic effects of moderate and high intensity aerobic exercises on the signaling pathway of the inflammatory NLRP3 complex or TLR4 and some inflammatory cytokines in young men. Materials and Methods: A randomized sampling method was used in which 60 subjects were selected based on their research. They were randomly divided into two groups (40 subjects) with a mean age of 24.4 ± 0.4 years and a BMI of 23.3 ± 3.5 kg/m2 and in the control group (20 persons) with a mean age of 22.8 ± 0.55 years and BMI of 23.0 ± 4.91 kg/m2. The training protocol for the moderate group performed up to 50 - 70 and for the high group up to 70 – 90 percent of maximum heart rate respectively. Using real time-PCR method, the expression of NLRP3, TLR4 genes and using the Elisa method IL-1β and IL-18 were measured. Also repeated measure ANOVA and the LSD post hoc- test were used to analyzing data at the significant level of p < 0.05. Results: The results showed that acute aerobic exercise with moderate intensity had no significant effect on the expression of NLRP3 (p=0.20), TLR4 (p=0.80) genes and serum levels of IL-1β (p=0.15) and IL-18 (p=0.25) cytokines. While acute exercise with severity initiation of the activity of the inflammatory complex, with a significant increase in serum levels of IL-1β, IL-18 and, and expression of NLRP3 and TLR4 genes (p=0.01). Also moderate chronic aerobic exercise also significantly reduced the expression of NLRP3, TLR4 genes and serum levels of IL-1β, IL-18 cytokines (p=0.001). In the case of high chronic training, significant increases in expression of genes NLRP3, TLR4 and serum levels of IL-1β, IL-18 cytokines were observed (p=0.0001). Conclusion: It can be concluded that endurance chronic aerobic activity with moderate intensity is effective in decreasing the expression of the inflammasome and inflammation while acute aerobic activity with some intensities had no effect.
Karim Azali Alamdari
Abstract
Background and Aim: Intracellular adhesion molecules 1 (ICAM-1) is more precise than other inflammatory indices e.g. C reactive protein (CRP) in predicting the future cardiovascular diseases. However, the roles of different types of exercise training on serum ICAM-1 level and also body inflammatory and ...
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Background and Aim: Intracellular adhesion molecules 1 (ICAM-1) is more precise than other inflammatory indices e.g. C reactive protein (CRP) in predicting the future cardiovascular diseases. However, the roles of different types of exercise training on serum ICAM-1 level and also body inflammatory and metabolic states are not fully elucidated in patient with metabolic syndrome (Mets). Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of high intensity interval and moderate intensity continuous training on serum ICAM-1, CRP and cardiometabolic risk factors in middle-aged men. Materials and Methods: thirty-four male patient with Mets were randomly divided into three groups including high intensity interval training (n=12), moderate-intensity continuous training (n=12) and Control (n=10). The fasting blood sampling and some other variable measurements were measured at baseline and also after (at 9 am) eight weeks of continuous (at 60-70% of RHR) and interval l (at 70-75% of RHR) training protocols (3 running sessions/week). Blood glucose and lipids were measured using ParsAzmoon company enzymatic kits and serum ICAM-1 and CRP levels also detected with Cusabio company ELIZA kits. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA and paired samples T tests at 95% Statistical significance level. Results: Both the continuous and interval training protocols decreased blood ICAM-1 (p=0.001, p=0.02), CRP (p=0.001, p=0.02), triglyceride (p=0.001, p=0.001), fasting blood sugar (p=0.001, p=0.001), waist circumference (p=0.001, p=0.04), overall Mets z score (p=0.001, p=0.001) and HOMA-IR (p=0.03, p=0.008) respectively, while HDL was significantly increased (p=0.001, p=0.01). However, with regard to HDL (p=0.005), waist circumference (p=0.001) and Mets Z score (p=0.001), moderate-intensity continuous training showed significantly more effectiveness than high intensity interval training. Conclusion: In spite of the equal effectiveness of both training protocols upon serum ICAM-1 and CRP, continuous training had more pronounced effects on waist circumference, blood HDL and overall severity of Mets which makes this protocol a better candidate to be prescribed for patients with Mets.
Nabi Shamsaei
Abstract
Background and Aim: Ischemia induces physiological alterations in neurons that lead to cell death. Evidencesuggests that physical exercise have a neuroprotective effect and can protect the brain from ischemic injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 4 weeks of endurance training on ...
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Background and Aim: Ischemia induces physiological alterations in neurons that lead to cell death. Evidencesuggests that physical exercise have a neuroprotective effect and can protect the brain from ischemic injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 4 weeks of endurance training on tumor necrosis factor alpha, Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-1 beta levels after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in male rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty one male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups including control, exercise-ischemia and ischemia groups. Physical exercise group were trained 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Ischemia induced by occlusion both common carotid arteries for 20 minutes. The cytokines level was measured by the ELISA method. The data were analyzed by the one way-ANOVA and Scheffe’s post hoc tests and the significance level was considered if pResults: Endurance exercise led to significant decreases in the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (p=0.04), Interleukin-6 (p=0.003) and Interleukin-1 beta (p=0.004). Conclusion: Endurance exercise can protect hippocampus against ischemia-induced injuries by attenuation of ischemic- produced inflammation.
Elham Shafieerad; Amin Isanejad; Esmaeel Nasiri
Abstract
Background and Aim: According recent evidence, regular exercise training can reduce the chronic inflammation. Theaim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of endurance exercise training on serum levels of IL-10 and body composition of sedentary overweight women. Materials and Methods: ...
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Background and Aim: According recent evidence, regular exercise training can reduce the chronic inflammation. Theaim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of endurance exercise training on serum levels of IL-10 and body composition of sedentary overweight women. Materials and Methods: Twenty tow middle aged overweight (BMI>25 kg/m2) and sedentary women were from Pardis city randomized divided into two groups including control (C) and exercise training (EX) groups. Endurance exercise training group participated in running exercise on a treadmill (three sessions per week) for 8 weeks, 20-30 min per session, at 50-70% their maximal reserve heart rate. Blood samples were collected in fasting state at 48 hours before starting training and 48 hours after last exercise session. IL-10 level were measured ELISA assay. Results were extracted by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) method at significant level of pResults: Body fat percent (p=0.002), BMI (p=0.01 ) and WHR (p=0.04) of exercise group significantly decreased in compare to control group but there was no significant changes in IL-10 (p=0.52) levels and fat-free mass (p=0.11). Conclusion: Endurance exercise training can play important role in prevention of diseases-induced overweight by improvement of body composition; however it seems that more studies will be needed for obtaining the anti-inflammatory effects of such exercise.
Lotfali Bolboli; Bahman Mirzaei; Navid Lotfi
Abstract
Background and Aim: In addition to physical, physiological, psychological and technical factors, the environmental parameters such as ambient temperature could also have an affect on the performance of athletes and especially their health. Therefore, the purpose of present study was to investigate the ...
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Background and Aim: In addition to physical, physiological, psychological and technical factors, the environmental parameters such as ambient temperature could also have an affect on the performance of athletes and especially their health. Therefore, the purpose of present study was to investigate the effects of different ambient temperature on the level of proinflammatory and oxidative stress markers in adolescence wrestlers. Materials and Methods: 21 adolescence wrestlers of Kurdistan province clubs participated as subjects in this study. Based on body composition and anthropometric profiles, subjects were divided into three groups. After providing the desired temperature (30 °C, 18 °C and 10 °C), subjects were asked to complete a Wrestling Technique Based on Circuit Training protocol. Blood samples were collected before, immediately and 30 minutes after exercise. The Repeated measures analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc tests were used to analyze the results, and the significant level was set at pResults: The results showed that the levels of interleukin-6 (p=0.01) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (p=0.01) significantly increased after exercise in high temperatures group, but no significant changes were observed in the other groups. Also, the increase rate of IL-6 was higher in high temperature group and there was also significant differences between normal temperature - high temperature groups (p=0.001) and low temperature - high temperature groups (p=0.001). In addition, intra-group changes malondialdehyde in all groups were not statistically significant (p=0.56). Also, there were no significant differences between group (p=0.25). Conclusion: The results showed that heat stress may increase inflammation and oxidative stress in the adolescence wrestlers. Thus, due to the sensitivity of adolescence period it is suggested that pay special attention to ambient temperature of competition and enviroements of this age- group.
