Horieh Karimi; Mahtab Moazami; Ali Yaghoubi; Sadegh Abbasian
Abstract
Background and Aim: Alzheimer's disease is defined as the most common age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of diets with and without caloric restriction along with continuous training on the expression of selected genes effective in ...
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Background and Aim: Alzheimer's disease is defined as the most common age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of diets with and without caloric restriction along with continuous training on the expression of selected genes effective in Alzheimer's disease of old male rats. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 36 old male rats (26 months old, with an average weight of 437.8 ± 41.3 grams) were randomly divided into four groups as control group, continuous training group, continuous training with caloric restriction group, and caloric restriction group. The rats of the training groups performed continuous exercises for eight weeks and 5 sessions per week, by following the overload principle on the treadmill. Also, caloric restriction was initially applied with a 30% reduction and then a 20% reduction in the rats’ food consumed. Continuous exercises were performed for eight weeks and 5 sessions per week (10 minutes to 20 minutes) following the overload principle on a treadmill. Brain tissue was taken 24 hours after the last training session and gene expression was done by real-time PCR method. Furthermore, ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test was used to analyze the results. Results: The findings demonstrated a significant difference between groups in Tau gene expression (p=0.02). Moreover, there was no significant difference in amyloid beta gene expression and insulin levels in old male rats (p = 0.486). Conclusion: In general, continuous training with and without caloric restriction could not lead to a significant change in APP gene expression. But the results of the research showed significant changes in Tau gene expression in the brain tissue of elderly male rats, preferably with the aim of preventing Alzheimer's.
Elham Ghasemi; Shila Nayebi far; Fateme Nora
Abstract
Background and Aim: Angiopoietin-like proteins type 3 (ANGPTL3) and 4 (ANGPTL4) are emerging regulators of fat metabolism that play a role in obesity-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training ...
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Background and Aim: Angiopoietin-like proteins type 3 (ANGPTL3) and 4 (ANGPTL4) are emerging regulators of fat metabolism that play a role in obesity-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) with spirulina supplementation on serum levels of ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4 and lipid profile in obese elderly women. Materials and Methods: This study is a randomized clinical trial with a pre-test and post-test design. A number of 60 obese elderly women (mean age: 60.72±6.24 years; body mass index: 31.20±3.53 kg/m2) were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly divided into four equal groups supplement + training, placebo + training, supplement and control. The training groups performed intensity interval training (three sessions per week) for eight weeks, while the supplement groups consumed two 500 mg spirulina capsules daily. Research variables were measured at the beginning and end of the study. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and Tukey's post hoc and using SPSS version 22 software at a significance level of p≤ 0.05. Results: After eight weeks of HIIT with spirulina consumption, the serum levels of ANGPTL3 (p<0.01), ANGPTL4 (p<0.001), triglyceride (p<0.001), weight (p<0.001) ) and body fat percentage (p<0.001) decreased in supplement + training, placebo + training and supplement groups. While the levels of total cholesterol (p<0.001) and low-density lipoprotein (p<0.001) showed a significant decrease and high-density lipoprotein (p<0.001) showed a significant increase only in supplement + training and placebo + training groups. Conclusion: It seems that HIIT and spirulina supplement regulate lipid metabolism and improve lipid profile and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases in obese elderly.
Hasan Naghizadeh; Faeze Heydari; Zahra Rostami
Abstract
Background and Aim: The use of medicinal plants along with exercise especially in obese people has received much attention due to the modulation of inflammatory and oxidative responses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) ...
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Background and Aim: The use of medicinal plants along with exercise especially in obese people has received much attention due to the modulation of inflammatory and oxidative responses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and green tea supplement on serum levels of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), amyloid beta-42 (Aβ42) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in untrained obese elderly men. Materials and Methods: Forty eight obese elderly men (age 65.42±3.16 years and body mass index 30.93±1.15 kg/m2) were randomly divided into four groups of 12 people including HIIT, supplement green tea, HIIT+ green tea supplement and control- placebo. HIIT training was carried out for eight weeks and three sessions per week. Green tea supplement in the form of six capsules per day in the amount of 450 mg was received by the target groups. Testing was done 48 hours before and after the last training session. The AChE and AB42 were measured by ELISA and MDA by TBARS method. Results were extracted using by analysis of variance with repeated measurement, analysis of variance two -way and Tukey’s post hoc tests at a significance level of p<0.05. Results: The most significant changes (decrease) in body mass index (p=0.01, 3.50%) and percent body fat (p=0.0001, 11.07%); and a significant increase in maximum oxygen consumption (p=0.02, 9.22%) was observed in the HIIT+ green tea group. The combined effect of HIIT and green tea supplementation showed a significant decrease in AChE (p=0.0001, 19.91%), Aβ42 (p=0.0001, 27.99%), and MDA (p=0.01, 26.09%). Moreover, the HIIT caused significant decrease in AChE (p=0.02, 15.67%), Aβ42 (p=0.01, 16.22%) and MDA (p=0.01, 14.14%); and green tea supplement caused a significant decrease in Aβ42 (p=0.023, 6.19%). Conclusion: The combined intervention of HIIT with green tea supplement compared to the effect of each one alone, causes a further improvement of inflammatory and oxidative indices in obese elderly men.
Rasoul Eslami; Parham Amini; Bakhtyar Tartibian
Abstract
Background and Aim: Increased free radicals and oxidative stress are among the factors that can accelerate the aging process. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on oxidant and antioxidant capacity and motor performance indices ...
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Background and Aim: Increased free radicals and oxidative stress are among the factors that can accelerate the aging process. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on oxidant and antioxidant capacity and motor performance indices in the elderly people. Materials and Methods: The participants of this study were 24 elderly people (age=71.88±5.06 year) from Bandar Abbas city. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups including control (n=12) and HIIT (n=12). Then, the subjects in the training group performed training protocol, three days a week for eight weeks. During each session, the subjects performed four three-minute workouts with an intensity of 85 to 95% maximal heart rate with three active sets of three-minute rest with 65 to 75 maximal heart rate. Twenty four hours before and 48 hours after last session of HIIT, the variables were measured via standard tests. The analysis of covariance test was used to analyze the data at significant level of p≤0.05. Results: Eight weeks of HIIT significantly reduced the total oxidant status, but the total antioxidant capacity and serum levels of sestrin-2 showed significant increase (p<0.001) in the elderly people. Moreover, eight weeks of HIIT improved the gait speed (p<0.001), timed-up-and-go (p<0.05), and maximal oxygen uptake (p<0.001). However, these training protocol could not have a significant effect on time of chair stand test (p=0.22). Conclusion: HIIT can be use as a useful exercise training method in the elderly people with attention of training considerations.
Seyed Morteza Sajadi; Mohammadreza kordi; Seyyed Reza Attarzadeh Hosseini; Hamzeh Akbari Bokani; Mahdi Aliakbari
Abstract
Background and Aim: Evidence has shown that C-reactive protein (CRP) is not only an inflammatory biomarker but also an important risk factor associated with aging-related diseases including cardiovascular, metabolic, and kidney disorders. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the comparison ...
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Background and Aim: Evidence has shown that C-reactive protein (CRP) is not only an inflammatory biomarker but also an important risk factor associated with aging-related diseases including cardiovascular, metabolic, and kidney disorders. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the comparison of serum high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) and lipid profile levels in active and sedentary elderly people during the first peak of Covid-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: Seventy seven elderly men and women (mean age 61.43±6.07 years) based on body mass index (BMI) were divided into three groups including the healthy (BMI as 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI as 25-29.9 kg/m2), and obese (BMI as more than 30 kg/m2) groups. Serum lipid profile and hs-CRP, and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were measured in the study groups. Data analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-square (χ2) and regression coefficient at the significant level of p≤0.05. Results: The average levels of hs-CRP in obese older were significantly higher than normal weight (p=0.01). Also, serum hs-CRP and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly higher in elderly people with low physical activity level than same people with moderate physical activity level (p=0.0001 and p=0.006; respectively). A negative and significant correlation was also observed between the level of physical activity with WHR (p=0.01) and BMI (p=0.006). Conclusion: Obese older adults who are inactive and with least physical activity in the condition of Covid-19 pandemic due to high hs-CRP and LDL-C, are more at risk of inflammation and weakened immune system.
Zohreh Shanazari; Mohammad Faramarzi; Mohammadreza kordi
Abstract
Background and Aim: Muscle atrophy is an active process controlled by specific signaling pathways and transcriptional programs. Atrogin-1/MAFbx and MuRF1 are up-regulated in different models of muscle atrophy and is responsible for increased protein degradation through the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. ...
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Background and Aim: Muscle atrophy is an active process controlled by specific signaling pathways and transcriptional programs. Atrogin-1/MAFbx and MuRF1 are up-regulated in different models of muscle atrophy and is responsible for increased protein degradation through the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moderate and high intensity resistance training on miR-23a, Atrogin-1 and MuRF gene expression in fast and slow twitch muscles in elderly rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats (23 months old) were randomly divided into three groups (n=10) including moderate-intensity resistance training, high-intensity resistance training and the control groups. Resistance training were performed during eight weeks of climbing a ladder with high intensity (80% Maximum voluntary carrying capacity/MVCC) and moderate intensity (60% of MVCC) for 5 days a week. Isolation of Soleus muscle and Flexor halluces longus (FHL) was performed immediately after blood sampling in sterile conditions. MiR-23a, Atrogin-1 and MuRF expression were measured by RT-PCR method in Soleus and FHL muscles. The statistical analysis was performed by One-way & Two-way ANOVA tests with significance level of p<0.05. Results: The results showed that the expression of MuRF and Atrogin-1 genes in both resistance groups were significantly lower than those the control group and miR-23a expression expression in both high and moderate resistance groups was significantly higher than the control group (p<0.05). But there was no significant difference between the effect of high and moderate intensity resistance training on miR-23a, MuRF, and Atrogin-1 expression in both muscles (p>0.05). Conclusion: It seems that resistance training with moderate and high-intensity can decrease the resting levels and gene expression of factors associated with muscular atrophy (miR-23a) and its target genes (Atrogin-1, MuRF) in older rats, and these exercises could lead to the prevention of sarcopenia.
Tarlan Vafaei; Mandana Gholami
Abstract
Background and Aim: Resistin is an adipose tissue derived adipokines that play important role in obesity and insulin resistance. The aim of present study was to investigate the effects of 8 weeks resistance training with two different intensities on serum levels of resistin and insulin resistance in ...
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Background and Aim: Resistin is an adipose tissue derived adipokines that play important role in obesity and insulin resistance. The aim of present study was to investigate the effects of 8 weeks resistance training with two different intensities on serum levels of resistin and insulin resistance in obese elderly women. Materials and Methods: Thirty obese elderly women (mean age of 64.5±3.64 years and body mass index of 31.8±1.02 kg/m2) randomly divided into 3 groups including control, low intensity resistance training (LIRT), and high intensity resistance training (HIRT) groups and each group consisted of 10 subjects. The HIRT (80% of one repetition maximum) and LIRT (30% of one repetition maximum) performed for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week while control group did not participate in any training program. Blood sampling collected in both pre and post-test stages and then resistin levels and insulin resistance were measured. The data analyzed by analysis of covariance and Tukey post hoc tests at the significant level of p < 0.05. Results: Rresistin levels between different groups were not significant (p=0.29); however, decreased insulin resistnace and body fat percent were observed in the LIRT and HIRT groups compared to control group (p=0.001). Conclusion: Resistance training with low and high intensity independent of changes at the resistin levels is accompanied by the favorable changes in the metabolic condition in obese elderly women.
Ahmad Parsaeifar; Vliollah Dabidi Roshan
Abstract
Background and Aim: Some cytokines are introduced as the predictors of cardiovascular disease risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic and interval training on serum TNF-ɑ, IL-6 and hs-CRP levels in female basketball players. Materials and Methods: Thirty ...
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Background and Aim: Some cytokines are introduced as the predictors of cardiovascular disease risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic and interval training on serum TNF-ɑ, IL-6 and hs-CRP levels in female basketball players. Materials and Methods: Thirty eight healthy female basketball players voluntarily participated in this study, and further they randomly divided into three groups including continuous, interval and control groups. Blood samples were collected in both pre and post-test after 12 hours of fasting. Continuous and interval training were performed 3 times per week for eight weeks. Results: Eight weeks of continuous and interval training significantly reduced serum IL-6, TNF-ɑ and hs-CRP levels (p<0.05); while these variables had no significant effect in the control group (p>0.05). Moreover, significant difference were found for IL-6 levels between continuous and control group (p=0.005). The same result also were found for TNF-α levels between interval and control groups (p=0.001) as well as also between continuous training and control group (p=0.03). The mean changes of hs-CRP showed a significant difference between interval and control group (p=0.0001) and also between interval and continuous training group (p=0.01). In this way, Interval training versus aerobic training led to further decrease in levels of IL-6 (20% vs. 13.19%), TNF-α (42.12% vs 29.31%) and hs-CRP (52.17% vs 21.17%), respectively. Conclusion: Both of aerobic and interval training during eight weeks could significantly decreased inflammatory cytokines levels, moreover, interval training made the most changes in these cytokines. Therefore, continuous and interval training are recommended to prevent and control cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Taher Afsharnezhad Roudsari; AliReza Amani
Abstract
Background and Aim: Resistance training (RT) is the most effective strategy to prevent age-related muscle wasting and weakness, because it promotes muscle strength and function. As the loss of muscle mass contributes to sarcopenia, the effects of RT on hypertrophy and its myogenic processes is controversial ...
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Background and Aim: Resistance training (RT) is the most effective strategy to prevent age-related muscle wasting and weakness, because it promotes muscle strength and function. As the loss of muscle mass contributes to sarcopenia, the effects of RT on hypertrophy and its myogenic processes is controversial in old age. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of RT on strength, mass and protein level of myogenin in gastrocnemius muscle of elderly rats. Materials and Methods: Sixteen elderly male Sprague-Dawley rats (24-month age) divided equally to two groups (control and RT). RT group underwent 8weeks (3-days/week) of resistance training by climbing a wooden ladder with weights attached to their tails. 48h after last session, isometric force, muscle wet mass and protein level of myogenin of gastrocnemius muscle were measured in both groups. For statistical analysis, independent sample t-test was used with a significance level of 0.05. Results: Absolute and relative (to body mass) isometric force of RT group were significantly greater than those in control group. There was not any significant difference in wet muscle mass between groups. Western blot analysis of muscle tissue also showed that the levels of myogenin did not significantly differ between two groups. Conclusion: Force production capacity and muscle quality (force to muscle mass ratio) were increased following resistance training in elderly rats through events are likely caused by neuromuscular adaptations. Additionally, the results suggest that increase in strength after resistance training in aged rats cannot be explained in terms of the changing in muscle mass and myogenin expression values.
