Nader Nokhodchi; Heydar Sadeghi; Ismail Ebrahimi Takamjani; Ali Abassi
Abstract
Background and Aim: Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury is one of the prevalent injuries among wrestlers. ACL reconstruction surgery with hamstring tendon (HST) is one of the common treatments of this injury. Physicians continue to prescribe prophylactic knee brace after ACL reconstruction and rehabilitation, ...
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Background and Aim: Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury is one of the prevalent injuries among wrestlers. ACL reconstruction surgery with hamstring tendon (HST) is one of the common treatments of this injury. Physicians continue to prescribe prophylactic knee brace after ACL reconstruction and rehabilitation, but the effectiveness of brace on performance is debated. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of prophylactic knee brace on knee isokinetic and functional tests in elite wrestler after ACL reconstruction with HST autograft. Materials & Methods: Ten elite wrestlers (age 26.1± 2.37 y) having undergone arthroscopically assisted ACL reconstruction with HST autograft between six to eighteen months before the study volunteered to participate in this study. Isokinetic variables (Average peak torque, max power, total work, and knee flexion to extension peak torque ratios) were measured by Gymnex ISO-1 isokinetic dynamometer at an angular velocity of 120°/s and functional tests consist of single leg vertical jump and cross over hop. Results: Average peak torque (p=0.005), max power (p=0.04), total work (p=0.003), in knee flexor and knee flexion to extension peak torque ratios increased significantly by using the knee brace, but no significant change was observed in knee extensor variables and functional tests (P≥0.05).Conclusion: The results can be stated that the use of prophylactic knee brace improved isokinetic variables, especially in the knee flexor muscle in elite wrestlers after ACL reconstruction with HST autograft. The results suggest that wrestlers after ACL reconstruction surgery and rehabilitation can use prophylactic knee brace during sport activities to improve the knee kinetic variables and reduce the risk of re-injury.
gholamali ghasemi; Narges Sheibani; mehdi ghaderiyan
Abstract
Background andAim: In recent years the use of elastic exercises in the rehabilitation due to low cost, low spacerequirements and secure, is considered. The aim of this study was to the effect of 12 weeks of theraband training on the knee deformity, Q angle and postural control in students with genu valgum. ...
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Background andAim: In recent years the use of elastic exercises in the rehabilitation due to low cost, low spacerequirements and secure, is considered. The aim of this study was to the effect of 12 weeks of theraband training on the knee deformity, Q angle and postural control in students with genu valgum. Materials and Methods: The 30 female first high school students with genu varum purposefully selected and randomly divided into two experimental (age 14.01±1.6 years, height 1.57±0.12 m and weight 50.3±9.7 kg) and control (age 14.06±1.6 years, height 1.56±0.18 m and weight 50.03±11.3 kg) groups (n=15). The distance between the knees, the Q angle, static balance and dynamic balance of subjects respectively with caliper, goniometer, stork balance test and Y balance test was measured. The Experimental group completed 12 weeks, 3 sessions/ week, 60-minute/session of theraband training program. Data were statistically analyzed by the use of RMANOVA, using SPSS 22 software (p<0.05). Result: After the training period a significant decrease in distances between the knee (p= 0.001) and a significant increase in the Q angle (p=0.04), static balance (p=0.001) and dynamic balance in the anterior (p=0.001), posterior medial (p=0.002) and posterior lateral (p=0.003) was seen. Conclusion: According to these results can be acknowledged that elastic exercises with the theraband training protocol presented in this study on the improvement of knee genu varum, Q angle and balance of students with genu varumis effective.
Atefeh Kamali; Bahnam Shokri; Noorallah Javdaneh; Behnam Ghasemi
Abstract
Background and Aim: Consequences of incorrect posture too extensively in physical, mental, economic, socialneeded to contemplate and investigationand treatment at a young age the enormous costs for of surgery and treatment of this abnormality the future Prevents. Therefore, this study aims to investigate ...
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Background and Aim: Consequences of incorrect posture too extensively in physical, mental, economic, socialneeded to contemplate and investigationand treatment at a young age the enormous costs for of surgery and treatment of this abnormality the future Prevents. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of seven weeks exercise with the Balance ball on the amount of lordosis of male students15-18 years old. Materials and Methods: In the present quasi-experimental study 40 Student were selected from thevolunteer elderly women in Dahshahr through target sampling and availability and divided randomly intotwo groups; one experimental group and one control group. The experimentalgroup received the treatment (Physioball exercises for 60 minutes, three times a week) for 8 weeks, but thecontrol group received no treatment and was engaged in daily routine activities. Lumbar lordosis using checker board and flexible ruler in two stages, before and after training were measured Physioball. The data were analyzed through Analysis of T Independent at thesignificance level of P≤0.05. Results: The results showed that there was a significant improvement on the scores obtained from the tests measuring Lordosis of the experimental group after 8 weeks of receiving therapeutic exercises (P=0.001 and t: 12.8), whereas no such significant improvement was observed in the control group. Conclusion: Considering the results of the current study, it seems that the Balance ball exercises are a good way to improve Lordosis students. Therefore, the specialists recommended that corrective exercises with Balance ball training methods to improve Lordosis wing along with other corrective methods use more.
Ameneh Pourrahim Ghouroghchi; Mehdi Pahlevani
Abstract
Background and Aim: Talent identification paves the way for identifying of success factors for reaching the summit of pride in all of sports, especially swimming and reduces stint to achieve better sports performances by elite athletes. The purpose of this study was the evaluation of the anthropometric, ...
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Background and Aim: Talent identification paves the way for identifying of success factors for reaching the summit of pride in all of sports, especially swimming and reduces stint to achieve better sports performances by elite athletes. The purpose of this study was the evaluation of the anthropometric, biomechanical and physical fitness and functional characteristics for talent identification and predicting the performance of the elite boys in 50m crawl swimming. Materials and Methods: 39 elite young swimmers, age 11-12 years, which ranks top in the championship and earned his province had been entered in national competitions, completed the letter of satisfaction questionnaires. The anthropometrical, biomechanical and physical fitness parameters were measured by Rydkov questionnaires. Data were analyzed using mean±SD and fried man test. Results: There is significant difference between the mean rank of length of limbs, angle of joints and functional-physical characteristics (p<0.05).The most important anthropometrical parameters were hand length (17.82 cm), forearm length (25.89 cm) and foot length (16.39 cm); the most important biomechanical parameters were elbow hyperextension (3.72 degree), ankle plantar flexion (6.69 degree) and neck extension (40.79 degree); and the most important physical fitness and functional parameters were action and reaction velocity (21.26 cm), flexibility (27.02 cm) and jump height (31.07 cm) for talent identification of the elite 11-12 year-old boys in 50mcrawlswimming. There is not a significant difference between the mean rank of fat content in three areas of supraspinatus, subscapularis and triceps. Also, the difference between the mean rank of left hand power and right hand power is not significant. Conclusion: The most important anthropometrical parameters were hand length, forearm length and foot length; the most important biomechanical parameters were elbow hyperextension, ankle plantar flexion and neck extension; and the most important physical fitness and functional parameters were action and reaction velocity, flexibility and jump height for talent identification and recognize of adolescent boys in 50m crawl swimming.
Saeed Ilbeigi; Hossein Yaghobi; Mahdi Mahjur; Ali Seghatoleslamy
Abstract
Background and Aim: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the common disorders that causes impairment of daily activities of the Person. Ever various methods have been used in the treatment, but in the case of a comprehensive treatment, researchers generally have not achieved consensus. Hence aim of this study ...
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Background and Aim: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the common disorders that causes impairment of daily activities of the Person. Ever various methods have been used in the treatment, but in the case of a comprehensive treatment, researchers generally have not achieved consensus. Hence aim of this study was to compare the effect of two treatment methods Kinesio Taping and sole reflexology on the pain severity and disability of patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental experiment 30 male patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain aged 20-40 years were randomly divided into three groups of Kinesio Taping (n=10), sole reflexology (n=10) and control group (n=10). The treatment period lasted 6 weeks and each week consisted of 3 sessions. Place paste Kinesio taping start below the hip bone And then continued the paraspinal muscles And on how to reflexology the spine point on the foot massage was given by massage techniques. In order to assess the pain severity and disability, the VAS and Oswestry Questionnaires were used respectively before and after the treatment. For data analysis, paired t-test and ANOVA was applied at the significance level of P≤0.05. Results: Comparison within and between groups showed an effectiveness of both methods Kinesio taping and foot reflexology on pain and disability (p=0.001). Comparing results of Tukey test Group Kinesio taping significantly better pain relief than the reflexology group showed after intervention (p=0.001) But the amount of disability in people Kinesio taping and reflexology thousand, a difference was observed between the two groups (p= 0.93). Conclusion: Kinesio Taping and sole reflexology can be effective in reducing pain and disability in patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain, but Kinesio Taping greater pain reduction in patients towards sole reflexology.
Reza Rajabi; Sepideh Latifi; Hooman Minoonejad; Farhad Rajabi
Abstract
Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of soft tissues in measuring thoracic kyphosis by Iranian kyphometer through placement on the body and on the X-Ray and also comparing the results with with Cobb method. Materials and Methods: The method of this study is Descriptive ...
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Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of soft tissues in measuring thoracic kyphosis by Iranian kyphometer through placement on the body and on the X-Ray and also comparing the results with with Cobb method. Materials and Methods: The method of this study is Descriptive – correlation and it's sampling was targeted and vailable. The number of subject formed 18 persons. The measurements of each subject were Cobb angle with X-ray and kyphosis angle with putting kyphometer on the body and on the X-ray. Results: The result of this study showed, the high Validity and high correlation between measurement with kyphometer on body and on X-ray and Cobb method (p≤0.05), and also reported high correlation between measurement with kyphometer on body and measurement with kyphometer on X-Ray (p≤0.05). The comparison of the three methods in terms of mean; there was no considerable difference between the result of kyphometer on body and kyphometer on X-Ray and also between measurement with the kyphometer on X-Ray and Cobb method (P=0.34). Conclusion: Based on the high correlation between the three measurement methods (kyphometer on the body, kyphometer on the X-Ray, cobb method) and also lack of significant difference between these three methods, we can say Iranian kyphometer is a valid device in measurement of thoracic kyphosis and soft tissues of the spine have no effect on the measurement by kyphometer.
Shahabeddin Bagheri; Farzaneh Saki; Nifiseh Aghamohammadi; Mansureh Taherinia
Abstract
Background and Aim: Exercise as a specific form of physical activity arrow could have a significant impacts on development’s process of body posture. The aim of the study was to assess and compare the body posture of girls Karate athletes with non-athletes. Materials and Methods: 50 girl’s ...
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Background and Aim: Exercise as a specific form of physical activity arrow could have a significant impacts on development’s process of body posture. The aim of the study was to assess and compare the body posture of girls Karate athletes with non-athletes. Materials and Methods: 50 girl’s karate athletes and 50 matched non-athletes participated in this study. Forward Head using photogrammetry, rounded shoulders with a goniometer, kyphosis and lordosis using a flexicurve and anterior pelvic tilt by Saunders’s method was measured. Statistical analysis of data using independent t- test and the significance level was 0.05. Results: The Mean forward head angle (p=0.004), the left and right rounded shoulders (p=0.0001), kyphosis (p=0.001) in karate athletes was greater than non-athletes and there were statistical significant. In addition, no significant difference was found between Karate athletes and non-athletes in mean lordosis (p=0.47) and anterior pelvic tilt (p=0.75). Conclusion: The results showed that despite the differences in parameters examined in this study is low, it is clinically important and coaches and athletes should accommodate necessary preventive and corrective Strategies in training programs.
Seyedeh Saadat Ghamari Hoveyda; Farideh Babakhani; behrouz hajilou; Mehrdad Anbarian
Abstract
Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of carrying backpack with different loads on the kinematic parameters during walking in elementary school students. Materials and Methods: Fifteen elementary school students with average age of 9.6±0.61 years were selected ...
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Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of carrying backpack with different loads on the kinematic parameters during walking in elementary school students. Materials and Methods: Fifteen elementary school students with average age of 9.6±0.61 years were selected through convenient sampling method. Each Subject walked on the treadmill at a speed of 1.1 meters per second for 20 minutes while carrying backpacks under different conditions including 0, 10, 15 and %20 of their body weight. The gait was captured using a digital camera. Kinematic analysis was performed with Dartfish software. Data were analyzed by ANOVA with repeated measures (P<0.05). Results: Results showed that there was a significant increase in the knee flection in conditions 15% (P=0.02) and 20% (P=0.03), significant increase in ankle dorsiflexion for conditions 15% (P=0.03) and 20 % (P=0.04), and significant increase in step length for condition 20% (P=0.02) with increasing backpack load. Ankle plantar flexion angle for conditions 10% (P=0.01), 15% (P=0.02) and 20% (P=0.03) and step frequency decreased significantly in condition 20% (P=0.03) with increasing backpack load. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it seems that carrying backpack with weighted 10 to 15 percent of body weight is appropriate for elementary school students.
jafar ketabchi; Nader Rahnama; khalil khayambashi
Abstract
Background and Aim: Balance Exercises and Strength Exercises have been suggested as the exercises having the best effects on the patients afflicted with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome. The current study strives to compare the effectiveness of strength exercises of the Hip Abductor Muscles and the external ...
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Background and Aim: Balance Exercises and Strength Exercises have been suggested as the exercises having the best effects on the patients afflicted with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome. The current study strives to compare the effectiveness of strength exercises of the Hip Abductor Muscles and the external Rotator Group and that of balance exercises on patients afflicted with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome. Materials and Methods: 20 patients afflicted with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome have been chosen purposefully and were randomly separated into two groups of strength Exercises of the Hip Abductor Muscles and the external Rotator Group age 42.9±2.8) and Balance Exercises (age 44.1±3.07). The patients performed the exercised associated with their respective group for the duration of eight weeks. In order to measure pain and performance before and after the exercises, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) questionnaires were used respectively. For data analysis, independent t-test level 0.05 has been utilized. Results: A meaningful difference has been found between the two groups in relation to pain and performance (p<0.05) so that within the strength group, pain had a larger drop in level compared to the balance group. Similarly, performance recovery of the strength group had shown an increase in level when compared to the balance group. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the findings of this research that, in comparison to balance exercises, strength exercises have better effects on pain and performance of patients afflicted with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome.
Abbas FarjadPezeshk; Heydar Sadeghi; Mohammad ShariatZadeh; Zahra Safaie Pour
Abstract
Background and Aim: The stiffness of sports surface, as one of the effective factors on traveling forces between human and surface, could affect the frequency and severity of sports injuries. However, there is little information regarding the effect of area elastic surface stiffness on the movement mechanics ...
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Background and Aim: The stiffness of sports surface, as one of the effective factors on traveling forces between human and surface, could affect the frequency and severity of sports injuries. However, there is little information regarding the effect of area elastic surface stiffness on the movement mechanics and applied forces. So, the purpose of this study was to identify the effect of surface stiffness on biomechanical behavior of lower limb. Materials and Methods: In order to calculate leg stiffness, knee and ankle joint stiffness and vertical ground reaction force of 15 young male with the age range of 18-33 and weight range of 60-88 kg during hopping on the five different surfaces ranging from 200 to 500 kN/m, we used motion analysis and force platform systems. Results: results of ANOVA and Bonferroni Post-hoc test showed significant differences in the leg stiffness between 200 kN/m surface and force plate (P=0.04), between 300 kN/m and force plate (P=0.03) and between 400 kN/m and force plate (P=0.007); in the maximum ground reaction force between 200 kN/m surface and force plate (P=0.01) and between 200 and 500 kN/m surface (P=0.003) and finally in the ankle stiffness between 300 and 400 kN/m surface (P=0.04).Conclusion: The results of this study showed that unlike common opinion that increase in surface stiffness causes the decrease in leg stiffness and vice versa, the interaction between surface stiffness and leg stiffness is only limited to surfaces with lower range of stiffness that resemble the leg stiffness value. Furthermore, if the limb stiffness increases, the suggested hypothesis fails to be accepted.
Mehdi Khaleghi Tazeji; Heydar Sadeghi; Raghad Mi'mar; Seyyed Ali Asghar Hosseini
Abstract
Background and Aim: Vertical jump is seen in many sports activities and it use in many biomechanical researches. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of four weeks training on variability of Ground Reaction Forces (GRF) during vertical jump in active young men. Materials and ...
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Background and Aim: Vertical jump is seen in many sports activities and it use in many biomechanical researches. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of four weeks training on variability of Ground Reaction Forces (GRF) during vertical jump in active young men. Materials and Methods: Twenty young men (Exercise group: agd: 21.20 ± 1.47 yrs., Height: 170±6 cm, Weight: 65.21±10.92 kg and Control group: age: 19.85±0.69 yrs, Height: 177±71 cm, Weight: 67.77±11.59 kg) participated in this study. GRF data were recorded before and after training protocol using force plate during the vertical jump maneuver. Coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated in 10 GRF curves pre and post training protocol for each subject using mean ensemble curve method. Results: The results of repeated measure showed no significant differences in CV in Mediollateral and vertical GRFs but Significant differences was observed in Anteroposterior GRF (p≤0.05). Conclusion: It seems GRF variability is influenced by exercise. The variability in the GRF can be considered as an indicator of performance in the vertical jump.
Ali Abbasi; Heydar Sadeghi; Mehdi Zamanian
Abstract
Background and Aim: Previous studies about the effect of static and dynamic stretching on forthcoming performance have been reported different results. In present study, it has been evaluated the effects of these two stretching on lower extremity muscular electrical activity using innovative nonlinear ...
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Background and Aim: Previous studies about the effect of static and dynamic stretching on forthcoming performance have been reported different results. In present study, it has been evaluated the effects of these two stretching on lower extremity muscular electrical activity using innovative nonlinear analysis methods. The purpose of present study was to examine nonlinear evaluation of local dynamic stability in lower extremity EMG after statics and dynamics stretching in active males during pedaling. Materials and Methods: Fifteen physical education and sport sciences male students voluntarily participated in this study. Subjects referred to the laboratory during two days, with 48 hours intervals between each sessions, and EMG data from six lower extremity muscles were collected from 30 pedaling cycle on the stationary cycle in situation of without stretching, and after 2, 5 and 10 minutes post stretching. Filtered EMG data were extracted for constructing time series and Lyapunov Exponent (LyE) calculation. Results: Results of repeated measure ANOVA showed significant reduction in selected muscles EMG LyE during 2, 5 and 10 min post dynamic stretching compare to static stretching and no stretching conditions (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Regarding results, probably it is better to use dynamic stretching versus static stretching in warm up programs before pedaling or rehabilitation on stationary cycle.
Nader Farahpour; Soghra Abbasi
Abstract
Background and Aim: The objective of this study was to compare the shoulder muscle activation during upper arm elevation in scaption and frontal planes under different speed and loading conditions. Materials and Methods: Sixteen females (20-28 years old) were studied. A surface EMG system (MA300-16) ...
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Background and Aim: The objective of this study was to compare the shoulder muscle activation during upper arm elevation in scaption and frontal planes under different speed and loading conditions. Materials and Methods: Sixteen females (20-28 years old) were studied. A surface EMG system (MA300-16) was used to record the activity of shoulder muscles including anterior, medial, and posterior deltoid, supraspinatus as well as the upper, middle, and lower trapezius muscles during upper arm elevation in scaption and frontal planes. Tasks were repeated in slow and fast speed with and without load (5% of body mass). Under SPSS-22 environment, repeated measure ANOVA was used for statistics analysis with the significance level of pResults: In condition intraction between muscle, speed, load, plane motion factors was not effect significant (P=0.06). The activation levels of anterior, medial, and posterior deltoid, supraspinatus, upper, middle, and lower trapezius muscles in frontal plane were %53, %68, %73 ,%55, %58, %33, and %51 respectively. These values for shoulder elevation in scaption plane were %43, %73, %96, %67, %69, %43 and %62 respectively. In total, the muscle activity in frontal plane was 0.16 times more than that in scaption plane (P=0.0001). The total mean of muscle activitiesin fast motionswas about 0.11% higher than that in slower speed motions (P=0.0001). Also, with load, the muscle activity was 1.52 times more than that in without load condition (P=0.0001). Conclusion: The muscle activity pattern of the arm elevation in frontal plane is different from that in scaption plane by means of higher activation in the frontal plane. In upper limb elevation, posterior deltoid muscle displayed higher activity than the other deltoid portions. Middle trapezious and anterior deltoid muscles had the least activity in upper arm elevation. Increasing the speed and load affected the activity of the posterior deltoid more than the other muscles.
Somayeh Momeni; Amir Hossein Barati; Amir Letafatkar; Ali Ashraf Jamshidi; Fariborz Howanloo
Abstract
Backgrounds and Aim: Plyometric exercises may increase performance and decrease injury risk in female athletes, but its effects on functional ankle instability is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of six weeks of plyometric training on dynamic postural control and timing of selective ...
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Backgrounds and Aim: Plyometric exercises may increase performance and decrease injury risk in female athletes, but its effects on functional ankle instability is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of six weeks of plyometric training on dynamic postural control and timing of selective calf muscles activation in active females with functional ankle instability in single leg drop landing. Materials and Methods: surface electromyography was recorded from peroneus longus, tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius muscles of 30 active females with functional ankle instability. Modified Star excursion test were used for evaluation of the dynamic postural control. In current study, we used the Pi-Huang (2014) plyometric training protocol for six weeks and 18 sessions. Paired and sample t tests in significant level of 95% were used for statistical analysis in SPSS software version 20. Results: The results indicating a significant increasing in the peroneus longus muscle activity (p=0.036), improving dynamic postural control (Anterior (p=0.001), posterior-medial (p=0.001) and posterior- lateral (p=0.021)) and also no significant changes in onset of tibialis anterior (P=0.831) and medial gastrocnemius (P=0.618) muscles activity after the six-week plyometric training. Conclusion: Plyometric training with accelerating the reaction time in prelanding phase, could modified the timing of peroneus longus muscle and dynamic postural control that may improve the lower extremity performance in patients with functional ankle instability.
