Sahar Ghasemipour; Sayyed Mohammad Marandi; Kamran Ghaedi; Fatemeh Kazeminasab; Samaneh Shirkhani; Milad Abdollahi
Abstract
Bachground and Aim: Many studies have pointed to role of exercise in controlling and improving diabetes complications; Green coffee, with its antioxidant properties, can be effective in reducing inflammation and insulin resistance too. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of ...
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Bachground and Aim: Many studies have pointed to role of exercise in controlling and improving diabetes complications; Green coffee, with its antioxidant properties, can be effective in reducing inflammation and insulin resistance too. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of endurance training and green coffee on oxidative stress markers and nitric oxide in skeletal muscle tissue of male C57BL / 6 mices. Material and Methods:35 C57BL / 6 mices were randomly placed in 2 groups of high-fat diets to induce prediabetes and normal diet. Pre-diabetes induction was performed after 12 weeks of high-fat diet and then, the samples of this group were divided into control groups, green coffee, endurance training, endurance training + green coffee (7 mices in each group). The training protocol was performed incrementally (speed 15 to 23 m / min) for 10 weeks, 3 sessions per week, and each session for 45 minutes on the turntable. Green coffee at a dose of 220 mg / kg body weight was fed to the mice 3 times a week by gavage. 24 hours after the last intervention, quadriceps skeletal muscle were performed and after weight l, oxidative stress markers and nitric oxide were measured by ELISA. One-way analysis of variance and Dunnett 's post hoc test at the level of p <0.05 were used to analyze the data. Results: Endurance training reduces glutathione (p <0.01) and consumption of green coffee and endurance training + green coffee (p <0.004 and p <0.01, respectively) increased this protein. In addition, exercise (p <0.03) reduced total antioxidant capacity; But coffee consumption (p <0.004) and combination of exercise and green coffee (p <0.01) increased this. Conclusion: Endurance training and green coffee supplementation can be an effective treatment strategy to improve antioxidant capacity and prevent or reduce the complications of diabetes.
Mona Mohajer; Ruhollah Haghshenas
Abstract
Background and Aim: Today, a new protein called asprosin has been discovered, which plays a role in regulating blood sugar. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training on gene expression of asprosin and malondialdehyde (MDA) in heart tissue of male diabetes rats. ...
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Background and Aim: Today, a new protein called asprosin has been discovered, which plays a role in regulating blood sugar. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training on gene expression of asprosin and malondialdehyde (MDA) in heart tissue of male diabetes rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two adults male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (every group eight rat): control; Exercise; Diabetes; And aerobic exercise and diabetes. After making the rats diabetic by injecting Strepotozocin, the aerobic training protocol was performed for 8 weeks and 5 days a week, and 48 hours after the last training session, cardiac tissue and blood samples were taken from the rats. ELISA method was used to measure protein expression and MDA, and RT-PCR method was used to measure gene expression. Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests, ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test were used to analyze the data at a significance level of p<0.05. Results: Heart tissue asprosin gene expression (p<0.001) and serum MDA levels (p<0.001) increased significantly after diabetes, but aerobic training had no significant effect on them (p>0.05).Conclusion: Since the expression of asprosin gene has recently been detected in the heart tissue, it seems that more studies are needed to know its function in the heart tissue.
Ramtin Sabet; Mohammad Fashi
Abstract
Background and Aim: During the plateau stage of resistance training, it is necessary to manipulate training variables and apply advanced training techniques. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate a comparison of acute effects of sarcoplasmic stimulation and traditional methods on muscle ...
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Background and Aim: During the plateau stage of resistance training, it is necessary to manipulate training variables and apply advanced training techniques. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate a comparison of acute effects of sarcoplasmic stimulation and traditional methods on muscle thickness, plasma volume, and testosterone to cortisol-ratio in bodybuilders during a plateau period. Materials and Methods: A crossover design was conducted with 10 bodybuilding athletes (26.71±4.1 years, 3.5±1.6 years training experience) participating in two traditional and sarcoplasm stimulation protocols over an interval of seven days. In the traditional protocol, eight sets were performed at an intensity of 70-80% of one repetition maximum until failure. During the sarcoplasmic stimulation protocol, six reduction sets were performed (three sets of 70-80%, three sets with a 20% load reduction and one set of isometrics until failure). Buresh formula was used to measure acute muscle swelling of the biceps muscle, Castille's equation was used to measure changes in plasma volume, and blood samples were taken to determine testosterone and cortisol levels. normality of the data distribution was conducted using the Shapiro-Wilk test. After ensuring the normality of the data distribution, a comparison between before and after values of each variable was determined and the amount of change was determined using a paired t-test. Results: There was a significant difference between traditional exercise and sarcoplasm stimulation in terms of acute biceps swelling in this study (p=0.036). There were no significant differences observed between the two protocols in terms of the hormonal responses to testosterone and cortisol as well as changes in plasma volume (p>0.05). Conclusion: In trained individuals, the use of the sarcoplasmic stimulation system appears to be an effective method for passing the plateau. Despite the lower training volume, it involves more metabolic stress and acute swelling than traditional training.
Hosein Kavosi; Sadegh Cheragh-Birjandi; Najmeh Rezaeian; Ali Yaghoubi
Abstract
Introduction and purpose: obesity and overweight are a metabolic disorder that affects the levels of adipose tissue in this disorder. The aim of the present study was to the effect of eight weeks of intense Continuous endurance, resistance, and High intensity interval training on SLIT-2 and UCP-1 gene ...
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Introduction and purpose: obesity and overweight are a metabolic disorder that affects the levels of adipose tissue in this disorder. The aim of the present study was to the effect of eight weeks of intense Continuous endurance, resistance, and High intensity interval training on SLIT-2 and UCP-1 gene expression in non-obese rats.methodology; In the current study, 36 obese Wistar rats, eight weeks old and weighing 325 ± 40 grams, were randomly divided into four groups; Continuous Endurance (10 heads), resistance (8 heads), High intensity interval training (10 heads) and control (8 heads) were divided. For eight weeks, the rats of the experimental groups performed five sessions of endurance training with an intensity of 70-80% of the maximum speed, resistance with an intensity of 50-120% of the body weight and intense intervals with an intensity of 85-90% of the maximum speed, and each 5% per week was added to the intensity of the exercises. Real Time-PCR method was used to measure SLIT-2 and UCP-1 gene expression.Findings; The results of the present study showed that all three models of Continuous endurance, resistance and High intensity interval training caused a significant increase in the expression of SLIT-2 (P=/001) and UCP-1 (P=/001) compared to the control group, but there was no difference between the experimental groups. Not observed (P= 0.999).discussion; Based on the results of this research, it is suggested to use Continuous endurance, resistance and High intensity interval training with increasing SLIT-2 and UCP-1 gene expression, which are factors influencing lipolysis and are effective in increasing lipolysis, in order to lose weight.
Javad Nakhzari Khodakheir; Mehdi Zarei; Hamid Reza Zolfi; amir shakib
Abstract
Background and Aim: Studies have shown that gremlin-1 is involved in adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity functional training on gremlin-1 levels and insulin resistance in overweight and obese ...
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Background and Aim: Studies have shown that gremlin-1 is involved in adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity functional training on gremlin-1 levels and insulin resistance in overweight and obese women. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 20 overweight and obese women were randomly divided into two groups of high-intensity functional training (n=10) and control (n=10). The subjects of the training group performed high-intensity functional exercises three times a week for eight weeks. In order to measure fasting glucose, insulin resistance and gremlin 1 before and after the intervention, blood samples were taken from the subjects. To analyze the data in SPSS software version 16, analysis of covariance and paired t tests were used at a significance level of 0.05. Results: After eight weeks of high-intensity functional training, body weight (p=0.001), body mass index (p=0.001), fat percentage (p=0.001) and fasting glucose (p=0.001) was significantly reduced in the experimental group compared to the control group. Also, insulin resistance index (p=0.001) and gremlin 1 concentration (p=0.03) decreased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that high-intensity functional training in overweight and obese women leads to a decrease in gremlin-1 levels and insulin resistance. Therefore, these types of exercises can be used as exercise interventions in controlling and reducing complications related to overweight and obesity.
Hasan Naghizadeh; Faeze Heydari; zahra rostami
Abstract
Background and Aim:The use of medicinal plants along with exercise especially in obese people has received much attention due to the modulation of inflammatory and oxidative responses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of HIIT and green tea supplement on serum ...
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Background and Aim:The use of medicinal plants along with exercise especially in obese people has received much attention due to the modulation of inflammatory and oxidative responses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of HIIT and green tea supplement on serum levels of AChE, Aβ42 and MDA in untrained obese elderly men. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 48 obese elderly men (average age 65.42±3.16 years and body mass index 30.93±1.15 kg/m2) were randomly divided into four groups of 12 people including HIIT, supplement green tea, HIIT+ green tea supplement and control- placebo. HIIT training was carried out for eight weeks and 3 sessions per week. Green tea supplement in the form of 6 capsules per day in the amount of 450 mg was received by the target groups. Testing was done 48 hours before and after the last training session. AChE and AB42 were measured by ELISA and MDA by TBA method. Results were extracted using analysis of covariance and Tukey's post hoc tests at a significance level of p<0.05. Result: The most significant changes (decrease) in body mass index (p=0.011, 3.50%) and percent body fat (p=0.0001, 11.07%); and a significant increase in maximum oxygen consumption (p=0.023, 9.22%) was observed in the HIIT+ green tea group.The combined effect of HIIT and green tea supplementation caused a significant decrease in AChE (p=0.0001, 19.91%), Aβ42 (p=0.0001, 27.99%), and MDA (p=0.014, 28.59%). The main effect of HIIT significantly decreased AChE (p=0.024, 15.67%), Aβ42 (p=0.013, 16.22%) and MDA (p=0.010, 14.33%); and green tea supplement caused a significant decrease in Aβ42 (p=0.023, 6.19%). Conclusion: The combined intervention of HIIT with green tea supplement compared to the effect of each one alone, causes a further reduction of inflammatory and oxidative indices in obese elderly men.
Hossain Jokar; Sirous Farsi; Mehran Ghahramani
Abstract
Background and purpose: It appears that acute kidney diseases are associated with increased systemic inflammation; nonetheless, even though the favorable role of exercise training and antioxidant supplements has been reported in the kidney tissue, their interactive effect is still not well understood. ...
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Background and purpose: It appears that acute kidney diseases are associated with increased systemic inflammation; nonetheless, even though the favorable role of exercise training and antioxidant supplements has been reported in the kidney tissue, their interactive effect is still not well understood. In this vein, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training and zinc supplementation on the inflammatory markers of kidney tissue in rats following complete unilateral ureteral obstruction. Methodology: In this experimental study, 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats with an age range of 12-16 weeks and a weight range of 220-250 grams were selected; the rats' ureters were completely obstructed during surgery and they were randomly divided into four groups including: (1) nephrectomy control, (2) zinc supplementation, (3) resistance training, and (4) resistance training + zinc supplementation. Also, to investigate the effects of nephrectomy, 8 healthy rats were assigned in the healthy control group and 8 rats that underwent surgery with no kidney obstruction were assigned in the sham group. The resistance training groups climbed 30-100% of their body weight three times a week for eight weeks. The zinc supplementation groups received 30 mg/kg zinc supplement orally each day. To analyze the data, one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc test and two-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni's post hoc test were used. Findings: The results showed that TNF-α and CRP levels were significantly lower in the training and supplementation groups than the non-training (control) groups (P=0.001). Also, the interaction of training and supplementation was significant in reducing CRP levels in rats following unilateral ureteral obstruction (P=0.001). Conclusion: It appears that resistance training and zinc supplementation both individually and interactively have synergistic effects on reducing inflammatory factors; however, further studies are needed about the interactive effect of these factors on TNF-α levels.
adel donyaei; Mehrnegar rojhannezhad; Farhad Gholami
Abstract
Purpose: Considering the relationship between vascular problems and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), the purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between baseline levels of LDL, and CAVI and ABI (indices of arterial stiffness), following glucose ingestion and exercise. Materials and ...
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Purpose: Considering the relationship between vascular problems and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), the purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between baseline levels of LDL, and CAVI and ABI (indices of arterial stiffness), following glucose ingestion and exercise. Materials and Methods: This intervention and trial research was conducted on 82 inactive subjects (40 women and 42 men) in the age group of 20 to 45 years, Shahrood city. After 12 hours of fasting, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) were measured. Then measurements of weight, height, body composition and arterial stiffness (cardiovascular index-ankle index (CAVI) and brachial-ankle index (ABI)) were taken at baseline and response 30 minutes of acute endurance activity with 65% maximum heart rate was performed on the treadmill. After that, consumption of 75 grams of glucose in 225 ml of water was done in 5 minutes, and finally, after 1 hour of inactive rest, arterial stiffness was measured again. Data analysis was performed using simple linear regression. Results: There is no significant relationship between LDL levels and baseline levels of CAVI index in both male and female groups (p>0.05). But, there is a significant relationship between baseline LDL levels and CAVI index changes (changes in the second stage of measurement after intervention compared to rest levels) in both male and female groups (p=0.001). Also, changes in ABI index were significantly related to LDL only in the male group (p=0.013). Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that the baseline levels of LDL, can affect the arterial stiffness response to exercise and glucose consumption. The results show that CAVI response was significantly related to LDL levels in both male and female groups. Also, gender was effective in the way of this relationship, because the relationship between ABI response and LDL was only in the male group.
Behnam Bagherzadeh Rahmani; Amir Hossein Haghighi; Roya Askari
Abstract
Background and Aim: Finding exercise training that has high and fast effectiveness can encourage obese people to do exercise. The aim of the research was to investigate the effects of twelve weeks of circuit and traditional resistance training combined with aerobic training on interleukin-6, tumor necrosis ...
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Background and Aim: Finding exercise training that has high and fast effectiveness can encourage obese people to do exercise. The aim of the research was to investigate the effects of twelve weeks of circuit and traditional resistance training combined with aerobic training on interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha and muscular strength in obese men. Materials and methods: 36 obese men with a mean ± standard deviation of age 25.75 ± 3.22 (years) and body mass index 35.13 ± 1.3 (kg/m2) were purposefully selected. The participants were randomly divided into three groups: control, traditional resistance training and circuit resistance training. The participants in the training groups first performed resistance training and then aerobic training for 12 weeks and three sessions per week. The intensity of the exercises was changed every four weeks according to the principles of overload and progression. To evaluate the differences between the groups, the statistical method of analysis of variance with repeated measures and Sheffe's post hoc test was used at the significance level of p<0.05. Results: Interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, upper limb strength, lower limb strength and body weight had significant differences between the groups (p<0.001). Interleukin-6 (p<0.001) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (p=0.02) were significantly reduced in all training groups compared to the control group. However, upper limb and lower limb strength increased significantly in all training groups compared to the control group (p<0.001). Body weight decreased significantly only in the circuit resistance training group compared to the control group (p=0.01). Conclusion: Performing 12 weeks of traditional and circuit resistance training concurrently with aerobic training moderates the levels of inflammatory adipokines and improves muscular strength in obese men. But it is suggested to use circuit resistance training to lose more weight.
Hamid Reza Salimi; Amir Hosein Haghighi; Shima Ababzadeh; Hamid Marefati
Abstract
Background and aim: Methamphetamine abuse causes myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiomyopathy, which is directly related to vascular dysfunction, which sometimes causes the death of users. This study aimed to investigate the effect of combined training (CT) on the expression of Bax and VEGF indices ...
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Background and aim: Methamphetamine abuse causes myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiomyopathy, which is directly related to vascular dysfunction, which sometimes causes the death of users. This study aimed to investigate the effect of combined training (CT) on the expression of Bax and VEGF indices in the cardiac of male rats following chronic methamphetamine use. Materials and Methods: 30 rats weighing 200-210 g were randomly divided into three groups: control, sham (addict), and addict+combined training (ACT). To create dependence, methamphetamine was injected intraperitoneally in increasing doses to the sham and ACT. CT consisted of 6 weeks of running on the treadmill (3 days) and resistance training (3 days) with moderate intensity. After this period, the rats were dissected according to the ethical standards of laboratory animals, and their hearts were removed. 4 hearts from each group were assigned to immunohistochemistry and 6 hearts to gene expression. The immunohistochemical technique was used to investigate Bax and the RT-PCR method was used to investigate VEGF. The research data were analyzed by ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test, and SPSS version 26 software. the significance level was considered P< 0.01. Results: In the sham, compared to the control group, the expression of Bax increased significantly and the expression of VEGF decreased significantly. In the ACT, the expression of Bax was significantly decreased compared to the sham, and the expression of VEGF was significantly increased compared to the sham and control groups. Conclusion: The increase in Bax expression and the decrease in VEGF expression indicates an increase in apoptosis, and methamphetamine abuse increased this process, but CT inhibited the apoptosis through the down-regulation of Bax and up-regulation of VEGF.
Banipal Tataro; Afshar Jafari
Abstract
AbstractBackground and aim: Based upon conflicting findings regarding fat oxidation induced by high-power (sprint) exercise with less than 3-4 bouts/day, the present study investigated the effect of a single and two-bout 20-second Wingate-based exercise (20-sec WBE) on excess post oxygen consumption ...
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AbstractBackground and aim: Based upon conflicting findings regarding fat oxidation induced by high-power (sprint) exercise with less than 3-4 bouts/day, the present study investigated the effect of a single and two-bout 20-second Wingate-based exercise (20-sec WBE) on excess post oxygen consumption (EPOC), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and fat/carbohydrate oxidation rate in overweight/obese men. Materials and Methods: Fourteen middle-aged (35.8±3.1 years) obese and overweight males (body mass index>25 kg/m2) voluntarily participated in a semi-experimental, within-subject, crossover study design (with a single week washout). Respiratory gas data were measured before, during, and 30 minutes after one- and two-bout 20-second high-power (sprint) 20-sec WBE. Warm-up in both protocols and interval in the two-20 sec WBE protocol consisted of 30 sec WBE (with 60-70 RPM) with an exercise-to-recovery ratio 1:1 (with or without a quarter of 7.5% of body weight) that continued cycling at 60 RPM with no resistance for 3 min. Data (Mean ± Standard Deviation) were analyzed using SPSS software at p<0.05. Results: The energy cost during exercise and recovery, EPOC rate, and total carbohydrate oxidation in the two-bout protocol were significantly higher than in the one-bout protocol (p≤0.05). However, the instantaneous and the total accumulated fat oxidation differences (from the beginning to the end of the 30-minute recovery) were not significant between the two protocols (p>0.05). The respiratory exchange ratio (RER) differences between the two protocols were not significant either (p>0.05). Conclusion: Increasing EPOC and daily energy expenditure after only a single- or two-Wingate-based sprint exercise (20-40 sec/day) may be a suitable strategy to improve fat oxidation for those overweight/obese people who do not have spare time to exercise.
Mohammad Ali Keyali Kuskghazi; Mohammad Faramarzi; Sanaz Mirzayan Shanjani; yaser kazem zadeh
Abstract
Background and Aim: Football is known as the most popular sport in the world, and due to the nature of this sport and its injuries, researchers still do not know the effect of sports training on different levels. The aim of the current research is to compare the effect of a plyometric training course ...
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Background and Aim: Football is known as the most popular sport in the world, and due to the nature of this sport and its injuries, researchers still do not know the effect of sports training on different levels. The aim of the current research is to compare the effect of a plyometric training course on indoor and grass environments on new biomarkers of muscle damage in soccer players Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental and applied study, 36 youth soccer players were selected and divided into three groups (1) plyometric training on grass environments (number = 12 people), (2) Plyometric training on indoor environments (number=12 people) and (3) control (number=12 people) were divided. Plyometric trainings were performed on indoor and grass environments for eight weeks, two sessions per week and each session lasted 60 minutes. In order to analyze the findings, independent sample t- test, one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc tests were used (p≤0.05). Results: There is no significant difference in sTnT values in research groups; However, mtDNA values in the training on grass environments (p=0.001) and training on indoor environments (p=0.001) groups were significantly higher than the control group. Also, these values were significantly higher in the training on grass environments than in the training on indoor environments (p=0.001). Conclusion: Although training in both grass and indoor environments leads to an increase in mtDNA serum levels, nevertheless, the effects of training in grass environments are greater than in indoor environments.
Ali Mostafaloo; Seyed Alireza Hosseini Kakhak; Amir Hossein Haghighi
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Resistance exercises with new methods such as blood flow restriction (BFR) that are performed with lower intensities compared to traditional resistance exercises, it can have more favorable effects on muscle strength and size. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate ...
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Background and Purpose: Resistance exercises with new methods such as blood flow restriction (BFR) that are performed with lower intensities compared to traditional resistance exercises, it can have more favorable effects on muscle strength and size. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the study adaptability of testosterone and growth hormones in response to eight weeks of eccentric resistance training with and without blood flow restriction. Method: In this study, 40 soccer players participated in a semi-experimental research design. Subjects in the present study were randomly divided into four groups: eccentric resistance training with BFR (n=10), eccentric resistance training without BFR (n=10), traditional resistance training (n=10) and control (n=10). To assess the strength of the upper body muscles and leg muscle strength were used from bench press and leg press tests, also, before and after an eight-week training period, blood samples were taken to determine the concentration of testosterone and growth hormones. A one-way repeated-measures and Bonferroni post hoc test was used to compare the groups (P≥0.05).Results: The results of the study showed that none of the training programs had a meaningful effect on serum testosterone level (P= 0.27), and growth hormones (P= 0.88).Conclusion: In general, it can be said that there was no significant difference among the three training methods in improving the effects of resistance training. Therefore, despite the fact that eight weeks of eccentric training didn't affect the compatibility of testosterone and growth hormones, it probably caused favorable changes in the strength of male football players.
Mahtab Nasseh; Seyedehozra Mirkazemi; Faride Taghipour jahromi
Abstract
Background and Aim: Assessing the physical fitness of students is necessary to improve their mental and physical health. The present research was Design and Compile the Norm of the second and first physical fitness of High school boys and girls students of South Khorasan province and its comparison with ...
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Background and Aim: Assessing the physical fitness of students is necessary to improve their mental and physical health. The present research was Design and Compile the Norm of the second and first physical fitness of High school boys and girls students of South Khorasan province and its comparison with the national norm. Methods and Materials: The purpose of this research is applied studies and based on strategy, it is descriptive research, which was done by the field method. The statistical population of this research was all boy and girl students of high schools of South Khorasan province in the academic year of 2023-2024 (73,283) that by multi-stage cluster random sampling method; finally 392 people were selected based on Morgan's sampling table. Tests of sit-up, pull-up, sitting and reaching hands, runs of 540 meters were used.After recording the records in each test, descriptive statistics were used to classify and adjust the data, to determine the central tendency and dispersion indicators, Then, the standard norms were compiled using the levels under the natural curve and Z standard scores. To compare the mean of the norm measured characteristics, independent t-test was used at the significance level p≤0.05. Results: girl students 13-17 years in South Khorasan Province were higher than the national norm in abdominal muscle endurance; shoulder girdle muscle endurance, flexibility and respiratory-cardio endurance, boy students 13-17 years in South Khorasan Province had higher shoulder girdle muscle endurance and flexibility than the national norm. Conclusion: Physical fitness of girls was more favorable than the national norm, but in boys, abdominal muscle endurance and respiratory-cardio endurance were weaker than the national norm, which requires proper planning to strengthen these characteristics.
Reza Zeinolebadi; Mehrzad Moghadasi; Mohammdamin Edalatmanesh; Mehdi Noora
Abstract
Background and Aim: Dysregulated miRNAs play critical roles in many disorders such as pain in Parkinson's disease. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of swimming training on hypocampic miRNAs gene expression related to pain in rats with Parkinson's disease (PD). Material and Methods: Twenty-one ...
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Background and Aim: Dysregulated miRNAs play critical roles in many disorders such as pain in Parkinson's disease. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of swimming training on hypocampic miRNAs gene expression related to pain in rats with Parkinson's disease (PD). Material and Methods: Twenty-one male Wistar rats (age eight to ten weeks) were divided into healthy control (n=7), PD (n=7) and training (n=7) group. PD induced by injection of 1 mg/kg reserpine to rats in PD and training groups. The rats in the training group performed 6 weeks high-intensity interval training, including 20 times of 30 seconds of swimming with 30 seconds of rest between each time and 3 times a week. mir-23b and mir-let-7 gene expressions were measured in hippocampus using Real Time-PCR. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and LSD post hoc test were run using SPSS-22 at the p<0.05. Results: Data indicated that mir-23b gene expression was lower in PD group compare to the healthy control group (p=0.01), while no significant difference was observed between PD group and training group (p=0.22) and between healthy control group and training group (p=0.09). Data revealed that mir-let-7 gene expression was lower in the PD group compare to the healthy control group, but it not achieved significant statistically (p=0.50). Also, no significant difference was observed between PD group and training group (p=0.82) and between healthy control group and training group (p=0.64). Conclusion: In summary it seems that high-intensity interval swimming training did not affect miRNAs related pain in rats with PD; however future studies are needed.
Vahid Talebi; Karim Azali Alamdari
Abstract
Background and Objective: Oligodendroglia in the brain strongly responds to exercise. However, innate immunity is vital to maintain normal brain function. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of simple and complex voluntary exercises on NG2 changes and depression in rats ...
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Background and Objective: Oligodendroglia in the brain strongly responds to exercise. However, innate immunity is vital to maintain normal brain function. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of simple and complex voluntary exercises on NG2 changes and depression in rats with Alzheimer's disease. Material and Method: For this purpose, 60 male Wistar rats (4-6 weeks old) were randomly divided into six groups (Control-Healthy, Control-Alzheimer, Simple Training-Healthy, Complex Training-Healthy, Simple Training-Alzheimer, Complex Training-Alzheimer). After induction of Alzheimer's disease by Streptozotocin injection into the ventricles of the brain, the animals experienced simple and complex voluntary activity using a wheel running for twelve weeks. At the end, depression was checked by food deprivation test, and after slaughter, NG2 levels of hippocampus and motor cortex were checked by ELISA method. Data were compared using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test.Results: Compared to simple spinning wheel training, complex wheel running training increased hippocampus NG2, motor cortex NG2 levels and reduced depression (P<0.05). Conclusion: It seems that performing exercises that are associated with mental challenge have a higher effectiveness in relation to depression and NG2 levels.
Mahdi Ziaee Bashirzad; Sadegh Cheragh-Birjandi; Mohamad Amin Younessi HERAVI; Reza Salarinia
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of four weeks of aerobic training, one and two sessions per day, on motor performance and gene expression of Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), and Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) tropomyosin kinase B and phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase ...
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Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of four weeks of aerobic training, one and two sessions per day, on motor performance and gene expression of Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), and Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) tropomyosin kinase B and phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase receptors in hippocampal rats with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: This experimental study was conducted on adult and young male Wistar rats. The animals were randomly divided into 6 groups (control group, healthy group with the first exercise protocol, healthy group with the second exercise protocol, SCI group, SCI group with the first exercise protocol, and SCI group with the second exercise protocol; 7 animals in each group). First, animals have been subjected to general anesthesia and SCI. After two weeks for recovery, two types of aerobic exercise programs were performed. After performing the exercises, Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) test and molecular tests were used to measure the expression of the NT4 gene from the hippocampus of the animals, using the qRT-PCR method. Results: The results showed that four weeks of one- and two-session aerobic exercises caused a significant increase in the gene expression of tropomyosin kinase B receptor and phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase compared to the spinal cord injury group. In addition, these training protocols have also played a role in improving movement in animals with spinal cord injury. Therefore, it can be a factor for axonal growth and neuronal survival in spinal cord injury recovery.Conclusion: The exercise protocols of this study are effective on tropomyosin kinase B and phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase receptors gene expression in addition to improving movement in animals with SCI, and can be a factor for axonal growth and neuronal survival in spinal cord injury recovery.
mohammadreza bandali; Amir Hossein Haghighi; Roya Asgari
Abstract
Background and Aim: Mitochondrial dynamics is affected by division and fusion, and exercise training may have an effect on it. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of eight weeks of moderate intensity interval training on the gene expression of indicators involved in the division and ...
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Background and Aim: Mitochondrial dynamics is affected by division and fusion, and exercise training may have an effect on it. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of eight weeks of moderate intensity interval training on the gene expression of indicators involved in the division and integration of mitochondria in the Soleus muscle of rats. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 12 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two equal groups (Six rats in each group) of control and moderate intensity interval training (MIT). First, the residual test and the average maximum speed of the rats were calculated to design the training program. The exercise program included running on the treadmill with an intensity of 60-65% of the maximum speed (six intervals of four minutes) and active rest with an intensity of 30% of the maximum speed (six intervals of two minutes), In compliance with the principle of overload which was carried out for 8 weeks (5 sessions per week). In order to evaluate the gene expression changes of PGC-1α, Opa1, Fis1, Drp1, Mfn1/2 indices, the plantar muscle tissue of rats was extracted. The expression level of research genes was measured using pcr method. The data were analyzed using independent t-statistics at the significance level (p≤0.05). Results: The results showed that exercise in the mit group significantly decreased the expression of Drp1 and Fis1 genes and increased the expression of PGC-1α, Mfn1 and Mfn2 genes. But MIT exercises did not significantly change the expression of Opa1 gene. Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, it can be said that the adaptation of intermittent exercise has a protective effect on the dynamics of mitochondrial quality, but in fact, it has not completely prevented the occurrence of mitochondrial division.
Saeed Ilbeigi; Marziyeh Saghebjoo; Behnam Salari; yeganeh feyzi
Abstract
Background and Aim: In today's world, physical activity along with balanced nutrition is definitely necessary to improve the quality of life and provide health. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of garlic consumption on serum glutathione, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase ...
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Background and Aim: In today's world, physical activity along with balanced nutrition is definitely necessary to improve the quality of life and provide health. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of garlic consumption on serum glutathione, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase in inactive people after a residual activity session. Materials and Methods: Ten healthy inactive students with an average age of 25.6±2.6 years and a body mass index of 23.5±1.7 kg/m2 randomly participated in this research. Subjects performed Bruce's training protocol twice with an interval of one week. Then the subjects consumed the supplement or placebo (1000mg capsule containing garlic powder or flour as a placebo) and then performed the residual activity. Independent and dependent t test was used to analyze the data at a significance level of 0.05. Results: Statistical results showed that the level of glutathione decreased significantly in both groups after exercise (P=0.001) and in the garlic supplement consuming group compared to the placebo group (P=0.001). The level of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase increased in both the supplement (P=0.001) and placebo (P=0.001) groups after the residual activity, and there was no significant difference in the supplement user group compared to the placebo group (08 /0=P). Conclusion: The present research showed that acute consumption of garlic, probably by activating the glutathione peroxidase enzyme, increases the absorption of this antioxidant in response to the residual activity. Also, Bruce's residual-building exercise causes cell damage, and taking garlic supplements has no effect on the occurrence of cell damage.
Mahboube Sazegar; Amir Rashidlamir; Rambod khajei; amene barjaste yazdi
Abstract
Background and Aim: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery improves cardiac perfusion; however, optimal treatment requires a combination of physical activity and a healthy diet to improve lipid profile. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a combined exercise training program ...
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Background and Aim: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery improves cardiac perfusion; however, optimal treatment requires a combination of physical activity and a healthy diet to improve lipid profile. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a combined exercise training program on plasma apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels, lipid profile, and body composition in middle-aged men following CABG. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 25 middle-aged men with a mean age of 56.8 ± 3 years and weight of 75 ± 13.7 kg who had undergone CABG surgery four months prior were selected using a purposeful and available sampling method and divided into two groups: exercise (N=14) and control group (N=11). The exercise group performed three sessions of combined aerobic-resistance training per week for eight weeks. Each aerobic training session consisted of treadmill walking and cycling on an ergometer at an intensity of 55 to 80% of maximum heart rate. Resistance training consisted of three sets of exercises: ball squats, shoulder and hip flexion and extension, and elbow flexion and ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion with light to moderate resistance. The control group did not engage in any exercise training. Before and after the intervention, the anthropometric measurements and body composition of the subjects and plasma levels of ApoB, LDL, and HDL were measured. The results were then analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with a significance level of p > 0.05. Findings: Combined training resulted in a significant decrease in body weight, fat mass, body mass index, plasma ApoB levels, TC, LDL/HDL ratio, and atherogenic index [(TC - HDL) / HDL]; and a significant increase in HDL. Conclusion: Eight weeks of combined exercise training, through weight reduction, body fat mass, atherogenic index, and improved lipid profile, can be effective in preventing the risk of re-infarction.
Zahra Yavarpanah; Ali Hasani; Masumeh Ghorbani
Abstract
Introduction and purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise and synbiotic supplementation on arterial stiffness and CRP in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.Materials and methods: In this semi-experimental study, 39 women with type 2 diabetes were randomly ...
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Introduction and purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise and synbiotic supplementation on arterial stiffness and CRP in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.Materials and methods: In this semi-experimental study, 39 women with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into three groups: aerobic exercise + placebo, aerobic exercise + synbiotic supplement, and synbiotic supplement. The duration of the exercise program was12 weeks (three sessions per week, the main part of the exercise in the first session consisted of 25 minutes of activity with an intensity of 40-45% of the maximum reserve heart rate, and every two weeks, 5 minutes were added to the duration and 5% to the intensity of the activity. Subjects in the supplement group consumed onesynbiotic capsule with (1x109CFU) one hour after having lunch. ANOVA test and correlated t-test was used to check the inter-group difference and intra-group difference of the subjects.Findings: Intra-group results showed that ABI increased significantly in the group of aerobic exercise + placebo (P=0.03) and aerobic exercise + synbiotic supplement (P=0.028). Also, ankle physical health index (CAVI) in the group of aerobic exercise+placebo (P=0.002) and aerobic exercise+synbiotic supplement (P=0.022), C reaction in all 3 groups of aerobic exercise+placebo (P=0.001) Aerobic exercise + synbiotic supplement (P=0.0001) and synbiotic supplement group (P=0.002) showed a significant decrease. Serum levels of fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance index, BMI and body percent were also decreased in all 3, but this rate was reduced. The results of ANOVA did not show any significant difference in the research groups in ABI (P=0.292), CAVI (P=0.303), CRP (P=0.483), insulin (P=0.730).Discussion and conclusion: It seems that aerobic exercise and consumption of synbiotics in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes can be effective in improving arterial stiffness and C-reactive protein indices
Badrkhan Rashwan Ismael; Elaheh Piralaiy; Saeid D. Nikoukheslat; Alireza Rashidpour; Gholamreza Hamidian
Abstract
Background and Aim: Previous research has shown the damaging effects of p53 and miR-34a in type 2 diabetes. However, the effects of exercise training on p53 and miR-34a changes in heart tissue in rats with type 2 diabetes are unclear. Therefore, This study intended to study the effects of aerobic training ...
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Background and Aim: Previous research has shown the damaging effects of p53 and miR-34a in type 2 diabetes. However, the effects of exercise training on p53 and miR-34a changes in heart tissue in rats with type 2 diabetes are unclear. Therefore, This study intended to study the effects of aerobic training on the expression genes of p53 and miR-34a in the heart tissue of type 2 diabetic rats. Materials and Methods:For this purpose, 20 male Wistar rats (mean 28±239 g, age 6-8 weeks) were randomly divided into four groups including diabetic control, healthy control, diabetic training, and healthy training. Animal food was provided in the form of free access pellets and water in a 500 ml bottle. To induce type 2 diabetes, a high-fat diet (60%) was performed for two weeks followed by streptozotocin injection in a fasting state. The training protocol comprised eight weeks of running on a treadmill for 30-60 minutes at a speed of 5-10 m/min, five days a week, with the principle of overload. The p53 and miR-34a gene expression in the heart tissue samples was measured by Real-Time PCR. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA at the P < 0.05. Results: Eight weeks of T2DM infection resulted in a significant increase in p53 and miR-34a compared to healthy control and healthy training groups (p=0.0001). However, eight weeks of aerobic training showed a significant decrease in miR-34a gene expression (p=0.02) and a non-significant change in p53 gene expression (p=0.05) compared to the diabetic control group. Conclusion: It seems that part of the destructive morphological and cellular effects of type 2 diabetes on heart tissue can be affected through the effects of eight weeks of aerobic training on miR-34a gene expression. However, different training conditions may be needed to see a reduction in p53.
Mohammad Malekipooya; Mojtaba Khansooz
Abstract
Background and Aim: Research has shown that inflammation is an important factor in atherosclerosis. New markers of heart diseases such as natriuretic peptide-B (BNP) and osteoprotegerin (OPG ) are secreted from of heart infarction patients during inflammation. The present research has investigated the ...
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Background and Aim: Research has shown that inflammation is an important factor in atherosclerosis. New markers of heart diseases such as natriuretic peptide-B (BNP) and osteoprotegerin (OPG ) are secreted from of heart infarction patients during inflammation. The present research has investigated the effect of a session of exercise and early electrical stimulation on some inflammatory markers of infarcted rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study with the control group, 50 rats (210±20 g) were randomly divided into 5 groups: healthy, infarct, infarct-physical activity, infarct-electrical stimulation and infarct-physical activity-electrical stimulation. Then infarct was induced by subcutaneous injection of Isoproterenol on two occasions. The intervention groups underwent a session of activity and electrical stimulation. Then, immediately after the intervention, the serum levels of the variables were checked by ELISA method. Data analysis was done with ANOVA test and p<0.05 significance. Results: The results showed that the induction of infarction led to a significant increase in the serum levels of BNP and OPG in the present study (p=0.0001 and p=0.001). Physical activity and its combination with electrical stimulation had no significant effect on BNP values (p=0.396). Also, the serum concentration of OPG in the training group had a non-significant increase compared to the infarction (p=0.425). But OPG levels in electrical stimulation groups showed a significant decrease compared to acute activity (p=0.022). Conclusion: It seems that electrical stimulation alone and together with physical activity by reducing the concentration of both variables leads to the reduction of inflammation in myocardial infarction samples and is effective in improving their condition.
Elaheh Piralaiy; Gholamreza Hamidian; Zahra Mehri Rokh; Alireza Rashidpour; Morteza Nikkhesal
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was investigating the effect of aerobic exercise supplemented with the hydroalcoholic extract of qaraqat fruit on glycemic indices and miR-195 expression in cardiac tissue of rats with type 2 diabetes.Methods: Male Wistar rats (n=24, mean weight 200±20 grams ...
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Introduction: The aim of this study was investigating the effect of aerobic exercise supplemented with the hydroalcoholic extract of qaraqat fruit on glycemic indices and miR-195 expression in cardiac tissue of rats with type 2 diabetes.Methods: Male Wistar rats (n=24, mean weight 200±20 grams and eight weeks old) were randomly divided into four groups: 1) diabetic 2) diabetic+supplementation, 3) diabetic+exercise, and 4) diabetic+supplementation+exercise. To induce type 2 diabetes, rats were given a high-fat diet (60%) for two weeks, followed by a fasting streptozocin injection. The rats in the supplemented groups received 250 mg of karaqat fruit extract per kilogram of body weight daily. Aerobic training consisted of treadmill exercise reaching 18-24 m/min for 30-60 minutes during the last week and was performed five days per week for eight weeks. After eight weeks, all rats were anesthetized with a combination of ketamine and xylazine solution. Glucose, insulin, insulin resistance and miR-195 of the cardiac tissue were measured. To analyze the data, a one-way analysis of variance was performed at a significance level of P<0.05.Results: Fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance decreased significantly after eight weeks of intervention in all groups compared to the diabetic group (P<0.01). In addition, a significant decrease in insulin levels was observed in the groups consuming dietary supplements compared to the diabetic and diabetic+exercise groups. In addition, the expression levels of miR-195 showed a significant decrease in the diabetic+supplement+exercise group compared to the diabetic+exercise group after eight weeks of intervention (P<0.05).Conclusion: According to the results, aerobic exercise and qaraqat supplementation alone or in combination with each other lead to an improvement in glycemic indices and miR-195 expression. However, supplementation of qaraqat together with aerobic exercise has more favorable effects on the expression of miR-195 in cardiac tissue of rats with type 2 diabetes.
Mohsen Erfanikia; Mohammad Fathi; Masoud Rahmati; Eftekhar Mohammadi
Abstract
Background and purpose: The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of six weeks of progressive aerobic exercise on angiogenic and inflammatory factors of the heart of diabetic male Wistar rats.Materials and methods: 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, diabetic, ...
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Background and purpose: The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of six weeks of progressive aerobic exercise on angiogenic and inflammatory factors of the heart of diabetic male Wistar rats.Materials and methods: 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, diabetic, exercise, and diabetes + exercise. Induction of diabetes was done through intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin solution. The training protocol consisted of six weeks of progressive aerobic training, five sessions per week on the treadmill. 48 hours after the end of the exercise, all the samples were unconscious and then, following the ethical principles, heart isolation was performed. The gene expression of vascular endothelium growth factor vegf) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha tnf-α) in left ventricular tissue was measured by Real-Time PCR method. One-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test and Graph Pad version 8 software were used for statistical analysis and the level of statistical significance was considered as P≤0.05.Findings : The results showed that the expression of the vegf gene in the left ventricle of the heart in the diabetic group was significantly increased compared to the healthy group (p≤0.0001), and the expression of the tnfα gene in the heart tissue was significantly decreased in the diabetic group compared to the healthy group. The expression of vegf gene in the diabetes+exercise group increased significantly compared to the diabetic group (p=0.0036) and the expression of tnfα gene decreased significantly in the diabetes+exercise group compared to the diabetic group.Conclusion: Six weeks of progressive aerobic training can possibly have an effect on reducing inflammation and increasing vascularity in diabetic samples as a suitable non-pharmacological method, and this effect is carried out by modulating the expression of vegf and tnf-α genes.
Elham Ghasemi; Javad Nakhzari Khodakheir
Abstract
Background and Aim: Taking some anti-inflammatory supplements can be effective in reducing inflammation caused by intensity activities. The aim of the present study was to compare the response of netrin-1, TNF-𝛼 and IL-17 to acute continuous and intensity interval exercises after short-term quercetin ...
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Background and Aim: Taking some anti-inflammatory supplements can be effective in reducing inflammation caused by intensity activities. The aim of the present study was to compare the response of netrin-1, TNF-𝛼 and IL-17 to acute continuous and intensity interval exercises after short-term quercetin supplementation in active girls. Materials and Methods: Fourty active girl students (average age: 21.3±61.03; body mass index: 21.3±79.12 kg/m2) were selected purposefully and randomly divided into four groups: continuous + supplement, interval + supplement, continuous + placebo and interval + placebo. Participants took quercetin supplement (1000 mg daily) or placebo for two weeks, and at the beginning and end of the two weeks, there was an acute continuous exercise and intensity interval exercise were implemented. Blood sampling in four stages; In the beginning and after two weeks of supplementation (before and after exercise) were done. The results were extracted using analysis of variance with repeated measures, one-way analysis of variance and post hoc LSD at a significant level (P≤0.05). Results: Continuous and interval exercises caused a significant decrease in the netrin-1 (p=0.01 and p=0.001, respectively) and increase in the TNF-𝛼 (p=0.01 and p=0.01, respectively). While, two weeks of quercetin supplementation was associated with a non-significant decrease in the netrin-1 (p=0.19 and p=0.32, respectively) and increase in the TNF -𝛼 (p=0.54 and p=0.16 respectively) in response to continuous and interval exercises. Also, there was no significant difference in netrin-1 (p=0.18) and TNF-𝛼 (p=0.42) values between continuous and interval groups. Finally, IL-17 response to interval and continuous acute exercises, before and after supplementation, did not show any significant difference (p=0.14). Conclusion: Short-term use of quercetin supplement by improving the inflammatory condition prevents inflammation caused by interval and continuous acute exercises in active girls.
Saeed Abedinzadeh; Ensieh Zahedi; Hamid Abbasi; Reza Sharifatpour
Abstract
Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rebound exercises on balance, strength and muscular endurance of children with Down syndrome. Materials and Method: 30 children with Down syndrome were selected through available sampling and randomly divided into two experimental ...
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Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rebound exercises on balance, strength and muscular endurance of children with Down syndrome. Materials and Method: 30 children with Down syndrome were selected through available sampling and randomly divided into two experimental groups of 15 people (age: 9.0±1.30 years, height: 1.30±0.05 m, weight: 32.51±3.39 kg) and control (age: 9.8±1.52 years, height: 1.31±0.03 m, weight: 32.46±2.56 kg) were divided. In order to evaluate the static and dynamic balance, the Bruininks-Ozertsky test was used, in order to evaluate the strength of knee flexion and extension, manual evaluation of muscle function was used, and in order to evaluate muscle endurance, the squat test was used before and after the exercises. The experimental group performed rebound exercises for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week. In order to analyze the data, two-way repeated measure variance analysis tests were used at a significant level (p ≤ 0.05). Results: After 8 weeks of rebound exercises, a significant improvement was observed in static and dynamic balance tests, lower limb muscle strength and endurance (p ≤ 0.05). No significant difference was observed in any of the variables of the control group (p ˃ 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, performing rebound exercises can improve balance, strength and muscle endurance and ultimately reduce the risk of falling in children with Down syndrome. Therefore, these exercises are recommended to therapists.
Nabi Shamsaei; Hadi Abdi; Zahra Abadi
Abstract
Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the combination of endurance exercise training with atorvastatin on the sperm characteristics and the level of sex hormones in male rats with myocardial infarction. Methods: 28 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (control, ...
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Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the combination of endurance exercise training with atorvastatin on the sperm characteristics and the level of sex hormones in male rats with myocardial infarction. Methods: 28 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (control, atorvastatin, exercise training, atorvastatin + exercise training). In order to induce myocardial infarction, subcutaneous injection of isoprenaline at the rate of 150 mg/kg of body weight was used for two consecutive days. After infarct induction, the training program and drug intervention started. The exercise program consisted of running on a treadmill for 8 weeks, 5 days a week. The atorvastatin group animals received 10 mg of atorvastatin daily by gavage. 24 hours after the last training session, blood sampling and dissection were done. ELISA method was used to measure the level of serum factors. Also, to evaluate the characteristics of sperms, the epididymis was separated from the testicular tissue and analyzed. Results: The results showed that endurance training, atorvastatin consumption and their combination decreased the sperm count, percentage of live sperm, sperm motility, decreased testosterone, LH, FSH, increased HDL levels and decreased LDL, cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the serum of rats with myocardial infarction. Conclusion: Endurance training, atorvastatin consumption and their combination, although it improved the lipid profile, but it has destructive effects on the levels of sex hormones and sperm parameters and, as a result, the reproductive performance of male rats with myocardial infarction.
Mohammad Reza Yousefi; Fatemeh Esmaiili
Abstract
Background and Aim: Childhood obesity is a global public health challenge. In the past few decades, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents has increased worldwide, which is associated with an increased risk of obesity in adulthood. The aim of this study was to compare ...
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Background and Aim: Childhood obesity is a global public health challenge. In the past few decades, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents has increased worldwide, which is associated with an increased risk of obesity in adulthood. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training and aerobic training on serum neuregulin-4 levels and the metabolic profile of obese elementary school students. Materials and Methods: The statistical population included elementary school girls aged 7 to 12 years who were obese and had a body mass index (within the 95th percentile or higher) with 3 groups of intense interval training (I), aerobic training (II) and a control group (III) was applied (10 people in each group). The intense interval training program with an intensity of 60 to 70% in the first week and 90 to 100% of the maximum heart rate in the last week and aerobic exercises with an intensity of 60 to 75% of the maximum heart rate were implemented for 8 weeks and 3 sessions every week. Insulin, glucose and TG variables were measured by autoanalyzer by photometric method and neuregulin-4 by ELISA method.. Result: Eight weeks of intense interval training and aerobic training increased the serum levels of neuregulin-4 (p=0.01) and significantly decreased insulin (p=0.04), triglycerides (p=0.01) and insulin resistance ( p=0.006) became students; But the serum glucose level of the students did not change significantly (p=0.85). Conclusion: Intermittent intense and aerobic exercises can reduce the risk of diseases related to obesity in students by improving the metabolic status.
Fatemeh Derakhshani; Azam Zarneshan; Karim Azali Alamdari
Abstract
Background and Aim: The complement system plays an essential role in the pathology and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). C3 and C4 are essential components of complement system and potential biomarkers in the diagnosis of autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. ...
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Background and Aim: The complement system plays an essential role in the pathology and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). C3 and C4 are essential components of complement system and potential biomarkers in the diagnosis of autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of combined exercise training on serum levels of complement system proteins C3, C4, the C3/C4 and motor performance in women with MS. Materials and Methods: The statistical population was MS female and members of MS Association of East Azarbaijan Province, 30 subjects with extensive disability status scale (EDSS>5) after screening and randomly divided into two experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. Combined exercises according to the ACSM guidelines for multiple sclerosis patients, for twelve weeks, three days per week/one hour per session, a combination of endurance exercises (walking and aerobics, 40-60%MHR), resistance (yellow band, 1-3 set of 8- 15 repetitions), balance, breathing and stretching. Serum levels of C3 and C4 were measured using the turbidimetric method and movement functions of fall risk and balance were measured using the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) and the Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSST), respectively. The ANCOVA test was used for the comparison between the groups at a significance level of P<0.05. Results: There was a significant decrease in the serum levels of complement C3 in the experimental group compared to the control group (P=0.014). No significant difference was observed in C4 (p=0/524) and C3/C4 ratio (p=0/225) between the two study groups. Motor performance of falling risk (p=0/016) and balance (p=0/001) in the experimental group had a significant improvement compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The use of combined exercise in women with MS may be useful to reduce complement C3 protein and improve motor performance.
Horieh Karimi; Mahtab Moazami; Ali Yaghoubi; Sadegh Abbasian
Abstract
Background and Aim: Alzheimer's disease is defined as the most common age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of diets with and without caloric restriction along with continuous training on the expression of selected genes effective in ...
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Background and Aim: Alzheimer's disease is defined as the most common age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of diets with and without caloric restriction along with continuous training on the expression of selected genes effective in Alzheimer's disease of old male rats. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 36 old male rats (26 months old, with an average weight of 437.8 ± 41.3 grams) were randomly divided into four groups as control group, continuous training group, continuous training with caloric restriction group, and caloric restriction group. The rats of the training groups performed continuous exercises for eight weeks and 5 sessions per week, by following the overload principle on the treadmill. Also, caloric restriction was initially applied with a 30% reduction and then a 20% reduction in the rats’ food consumed. Continuous exercises were performed for eight weeks and 5 sessions per week (10 minutes to 20 minutes) following the overload principle on a treadmill. Brain tissue was taken 24 hours after the last training session and gene expression was done by real-time PCR method. Furthermore, ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test was used to analyze the results. Results: The findings demonstrated a significant difference between groups in Tau gene expression (p=0.02). Moreover, there was no significant difference in amyloid beta gene expression and insulin levels in old male rats (p = 0.486). Conclusion: In general, continuous training with and without caloric restriction could not lead to a significant change in APP gene expression. But the results of the research showed significant changes in Tau gene expression in the brain tissue of elderly male rats, preferably with the aim of preventing Alzheimer's.
Mina Tafazoli; Sadegh Cheragh-Birjandi
Abstract
Semaphorin 3C and lipocalin 2 are relatively new adipokines. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of eight weeks of intense resistance and intermittent training on the expression of : semaphorin 3C, lipocalin 2 and Lee index in obese elderly rats. Materials and Methods In this experimental ...
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Semaphorin 3C and lipocalin 2 are relatively new adipokines. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of eight weeks of intense resistance and intermittent training on the expression of : semaphorin 3C, lipocalin 2 and Lee index in obese elderly rats. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, 30 elderly Wistar male rats with an average age of 22-20 months and an average initial weight of 250 ± 20 grams were divided into three groups: control, intense intermittent exercise and resistance exercise (each group ten rats). The resistance training protocol consisted of eight weeks and five weekly sessions of climbing a one-meter ladder with 26 steps and the intense interval training protocol included three warm-up parts, the main body consisting of periodic repetitions and cooling down. Real Time-PCR method was used to measure the expression of semaphorin 3C and lipocalin 2 genes. The statistical method of one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test was used to determine the difference between groups at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Results: The results of this study showed that both resistance and intense interval training models caused a significant decrease in Semaphorin 3C, lipocalin 2 gene expression and Lee's index compared to the control group. but no difference was observed between the experimental groups. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it seems that intense intermittent and resistance exercises with a positive effect on the expression of semaphorin 3C gene, lipocalin 2 and the Lee index can be considered as an effective solution in the field of increasing lipolysis and reducing disorders related to overweight and obesity. be taken It is also suggested to use this type of exercise in sports programs for the elderly as an effective exercise method to improve performance and body composition.
Minoo Bassami; Anahita Etesam; Bakhtyar Tartibian; Amirhossein Mohkami
Abstract
This study examines the effect of incremental exercise and EMS on cardio-respiratory factors of overweight men. Materials and Methods: In this research, 20 overweight men (age 29.1 ± 6.08 years, body mass 28.49 ± 1.98 weight per square meter) visited the laboratory in three sessions. In ...
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This study examines the effect of incremental exercise and EMS on cardio-respiratory factors of overweight men. Materials and Methods: In this research, 20 overweight men (age 29.1 ± 6.08 years, body mass 28.49 ± 1.98 weight per square meter) visited the laboratory in three sessions. In first session, they performed an incremental test until the exchange ratio equal to one, and to determine the aerobic power (VO2max), they performed the test until exhaustion. In the second session, they repeated the same test as the first session, with the difference that during the EMS exercise test, it was with a frequency of 35-75 Hz. In the third session there is only EMS. Cardio-respiratory factors were examined before, during and during 20 minutes of recovery. The statistical analysis of the data was performed using repeated measure of ANOVA analysis of variance at a significance level of p<0.05. Result: significant difference was found in comparing the incremental exercise session with the EMS session and the incremental exercise + EMS session for energy expenditure, pulmonary ventilation, VE/VCO2 ratio, oxygen consumption, and heart rate (p < 0.05).However, there was no significant difference between the session of the incremental exercise + EMS and the incremental exercise for all the research variables in the times before, during exercise and 10-20 minutes of recovery time in overweight men. Also, there was no significant difference observed in blood pressure during the recovery period among the three sessions (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Incremental exercise has an effect on cardiorespiratory factors, and the combined effect of incremental exercise + EMS during activity has a greater impact and faster recovery time.
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