Document Type : Original Article
Authors
- fakhreddin izadimanesh 1
- amirhosin haghighi 2
- Seyed Alireza Hosseini Kakhk 3
- majid asadi-shekari 4
- hamid marefati 5
1 Ministry of Education
2 Physiology of Sport, Sport Sciences, Jakim Sabzevari, Sabzevar, Iran
3 Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
4 Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
5 , Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.
Abstract
Background and Aim: Autophagy is a protected lysosome-dependent degradation process that helps maintain homeostasis and metabolic adaptation of the cell. Apoptosis and autophagy are the two main mechanisms in the regulation of cell death and survival. The aim of this study was the effect of moderate intensity continuous training on C/EBPβ and mTOR gene expression related to autophagy in the frontal cortex of methamphetamine(METH)-dependent rats. Materials and Methods: 32 male wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal groups of saline, primary methamphetamine(METH-1), secondary methamphetamine(METH-2) and methamphetamine-training (n=8). METH was injected in the amount of 5 mg/kg for 21 days. First, the exhaustive test and the average maximum speed of the rats were calculated to design the training program. The exercise program included continuous running (24 minutes with moderate intensity) on a treadmill, which was done for 8 weeks (5 sessions per week). At the end of the injection and training period, to evaluate the gene expression changes of indicators (C/EBPβ - mTOR), the tissue of the frontal cortex of rats was extracted. The data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA method at a significant level (α≤0.05). Results: Methamphetamine injection in the (METH-1,2) groups led to a significant increase and decrease in the expression of C/EBPβ and mTOR genes, respectively, compared to the saline group. Aerobic exercises in the meth-amphetamine-exercise group led to a significant decrease and increase in the expression of C/EBPβ and mTOR genes, respectively, compared to the METH-1,2 and saline groups.. Conclusion: probably methamphetamine injection increases the C/EBPβ autophagic gene expression in the frontal cortex of the brain; On the other hand, continuous exercises with moderate intensity can modulate methamphetamine-induced brain autophagy through reducing mTOR gene expression as a preventive or therapeutic solution along with other factors. However, ; More research is necessary to reach definitive conclusions.
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