Document Type : Original Article
Authors
- Fakhreddin Izadimanesh 1
- Amir Hossein Haghighi 2
- Seyed Alireza Hosseini Kakhk 3
- Majid Asadi- shekaari 4
- Hamid Marefati 5
1 Ph.D Student, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.
2 Professor at Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.
3 Professor at Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
4 Professor at Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
5 Associate Professor at Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.
Abstract
Background and Aim: Autophagy is a protected lysosome-dependent cellular degradation process that helps maintain homeostasis and metabolic adaptation of the cell. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of moderate intensity continuous training on the expression of C/EBPβ and mTOR genes related to autophagy in the frontal cortex of methamphetamine-dependent rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal groups (n=8) of saline, primary methamphetamine, secondary methamphetamine, and methamphetamine-training. Methamphetamine was injected in the amount of five mg/kg for 21 days. The exhausted endurance test and the average maximum speed of the rats were calculated in order to design the training program as it included 24 minutes of running with an intensity of 60-65% of the maximum speed on the treadmill for eight weeks (five sessions per week). At the end, to evaluate gene expression changes, C/EBPβ-mTOR indices were extracted from the frontal cortex tissue of the rats. The results were extracted using one-way analysis of variance at a significance level of p≤0.05. Results: Methamphetamine injection in the primary and secondary methamphetamine groups indicated a significant increase in C/EBPβ gene expression compared to the saline group (p=0.001 and p=0.005, respectively), but in the group early methamphetamine showed a significant decrease in mTOR gene expression compared to the saline group (p=0.04). Moreover, moderate intensity continuous training in the methamphetamine-exercise group indicated a significant decrease in C/EBPβ gene expression compared to the primary methamphetamine group (p=0.04), but as compared to the primary and secondary methamphetamine groups showed significantly increased mTOR gene expression. Conclusion: Methamphetamine injection could probably increases the expression of C/EBPβ autophagic gene in the frontal cortex of the brain; while continuous exercises with moderate intensity, as a preventive strategy, can moderate and regulate autophagy caused by methamphetamine, through increasing mTOR gene expression in the brain.
Keywords
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