Document Type : Original Article
Authors
Abstract
Background and aim: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between physical activity before and during pregnancy and identifying the most important period predictor of physical activity during pregnancy. Materials andMethods: 137 pregnant women participated voluntarily in the study. Information about exercise during eight and one year before pregnancy and during first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy were recorded through interview. Findings were analyzed using Pearson correlation and linear regression methods. Significant level was set at p≤0.05. Results: Results indicated a significant positive correlation between exercise during all periods before pregnancy and during pregnancy (p=0.001). Moreover, one year before pregnancy was stronger predictor of exercise during pregnancy. Conclusion: In order to motivating women to participate in exercise during pregnancy, performing of exercise specially one year before pregnancy, is recommended.
Keywords
1. Barakat, R., Cordero, Y., Coteron J., 2012. Exercise during pregnancy improves maternal glucose screen at 24–28 weeks: a randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 46, no.1, pp. 656-661.
2. Barakat, R., Pelaez, M., Montejo, R., Luaces, M., et al., 2011. Exercise during pregnancy improves maternal health perception: a randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 204, no. 5, pp. 1-7.
3. Bo, K., Haakstad, L.A. , 2011. Is pelvic floor muscle training effective when taught in a general fitness class in pregnancy? A randomised controlled trial. Physiotherapy, vol. 97, no. 3, pp. 190-195.
4. Currie, S., Sinclair, M., Murphy, M.H., Madden, E., et al., 2013. Reducing the decline in physical activity during pregnancy: A systematic review of behaviour change interventions. PlOS one, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 1-12.
5. de Barros, M.C., Lopes, M.A., Francisco, R.P., Sapienza, A.D., et al., 2010. Resistance exercise and glycemic control in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. American Journal of Obstetetrics and Gynecology, vol. 203, no. 6, pp. 1-6.
6. Domingues, M.R., Barros, A.J., 2007. Leisure-time physical activity during pregnancy in the 2004 Pelotas birth cohort
study. Revista de Saude Publica, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 173-180.
7. Evenson, K.R., Savitz, D.A., Huston, S.L., 2004. Leisure-time physical activity among pregnant women in the US. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, vol.18, no. 6, pp. 400-407.
8.Gaston, A., Vamos, C.A., 2013 Leisure-time physical activity patterns and correlates among pregnant women in Ontario, Canada. Maternal and Child Health Journal, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 477-484.
9. Haakstad, L.A., Bø, K., 2011. Effect of regular exercise on prevention of excessive weight gain in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Healthcare, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 116-125.
10. Hagstromer, M., Oja, P., Sjostrom, M., 2006. The International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ): A study of concurrent and construct validity. Public Health and Nutrition, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 755-762.
11. Hui, A., Back, L., Ludwig, S., Gardiner, P., et al., 2012. Lifestyle intervention on diet and exercise reduced excessive
gestational weight gain in pregnant women under a randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, vol. 119, no. 1, pp. 70-77.
12. Janz, K.F., Dawson, J.D., Mahoney, L.T., 2000. Tracking physical fitness and physical activity from childhood to
adolescence: the Muscatine Study. Medicine and Sciences in Sport and Exercise, vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 1250-1257.
13. Kluge, J., Hall, D., Louw, Q., Theron, G., et al., 2011. Specific exercises to treat pregnancy-related low back pain in a South African population. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, vol. 113, no. 3, pp. 187-191.
14. Ko, P.C., Liang, C.C., Chang, S.D., Lee, J.T., et al., 2011. A randomized controlled trial of antenatal pelvic floor exercises to prevent and treat urinary incontinence. International Urogynecology Journal, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 17-22.
15. Liu, J., Blair, S.N., Teng, Y., Ness, A.R., et al., 2011. Physical activity during pregnancy in a prospective cohort of British women: results from the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children. European Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 237-247.
16. Mason, L., Roe, B., Wong, H., Davies, J., et al ., 2010. The role of antenatal pelvic floor muscle exercises in prevention of postpartum stress incontinence: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Nursing, vol. 19, no. 19-20, pp. 2777-2786.
17. Montoya Arizabaleta, A.V., Orozco Buitrago, L., Aguilar de Plata, A.C., Mosquera Escudero, M., et al., 2010. Aerobic
exercise during pregnancy improves health-related quality of life: a randomized trial. Journal of Physiotherapy, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 253-258.
18. Nascimento, S.L., Surita, F.G., Parpinelli, M.Â., Siani, S., et al., 2011. The effect of an antenatal physical exercise
programme on maternal/perinatal outcomes and quality of life in overweight and obese pregnant women: a randomized
clinical trial. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 118, no. 12, pp. 1455-1463.
19. Nelson, M.E., Rejeski, W.J., Blair, S.N., 2007. Physical activity and public health in older adults: recommendation from the American college of sports medicine and the American heart association. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 1435-1445.
20. Phelan, S., Phipps, M.G., Abrams, B., Darroch, F., et al., 2011. Randomized trial of a behavioral intervention to prevent excessive gestational weight gain: the Fit for Delivery Study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 93, no. 4, pp. 772-779.
21. Robledo-Colonia, AF., Sandoval-Restrepo, N., Mosquera-Valderrama, Y.F., 2012. Aerobic exercise training during pregnancy reduces depressive symptoms in nulliparous women: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Physiotherapy, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 9-15.
22. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists., 2006. Exercise in Pregnancy. RCOG, Statement, no 4, (http://www. rcog.org.uk/womens-health/clin ical-guidance/exercise-pregnancy).
23. Seneviratne, S.N., 2014. Antenatal exercise in overweight and obese women and its effects on offspring and maternal health: design and rationale of the IMPROVE (Improving Maternal and Progeny Obesity Via Exercise) randomised controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, vol. 26, no. 14, pp. 148.
24. Seneviratne, S.N., McCowan, L.M., Cutfield, W.S., Derraik, J.G., et al., 2014. Exercise in pregnancies complicated by obesity:achieving benefits and overcoming barriers. American Journal of Obstetetrics and Gynecology. Pii: S0002-9378(14)00570-5. [Epub ahead of print]
25. Songøygard, K.M., Stafne, S.N., Evensen, K.A., Salvesen, K.Å., et al., 2012. Does exercise during pregnancy prevent
postnatal depression? A randomized controlled trial. Acta Obstetrics and Gynecology Scandinavia, vol. 91, no. 1, pp. 62-67.
26. Stafne, S.N., Salvesen, K.Å., Romundstad, P.R., Stuge, B., et al., 2012. Does regular exercise influence lumbopelvic
pain? A randomized controlled trial. Acta Obstetrics and Gynecology Scandinavia, vol. 91, no. 5, pp. 552-559.
27. Stafne, S.N., Salvesen, K.Å., Romundstad, P.R., Eggebø, T.M., et al., 2012. Regular exercise during pregnancy to prevent gestational diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 119, no. 1, pp. 29-36.
28. Trudeau, F., Laurencelle, L., Shephard, R.J., 2004. Tracking of physical activity from childhood to adulthood. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, vol. 36, no. 11, pp. 1937-1943.
29. Vallim, A.L., Osis, M.J., Cecatti, J.G., Baciuk, É.P., et al., 2011. Water exercises and quality of life during Pregnancy. Reproduction Health , vol. 16, no. 8, pp.14.
30. van Mechelen, W., Twisk, J.W., Post, G.B., Snel, J., et al., 2000. Physical activity of young people: the Amsterdam
longitudinal growth and healthy study. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, vol. 32: pp. 1610-1616.
31. Walsh, J.M., McGowan, C., Byrne, J., McAuliffe, F.M., 2011. Prevalence of physical activity among healthy pregnant
women in Ireland. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, vol. 114, no. 2, pp. 154-155.
2. Barakat, R., Pelaez, M., Montejo, R., Luaces, M., et al., 2011. Exercise during pregnancy improves maternal health perception: a randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 204, no. 5, pp. 1-7.
3. Bo, K., Haakstad, L.A. , 2011. Is pelvic floor muscle training effective when taught in a general fitness class in pregnancy? A randomised controlled trial. Physiotherapy, vol. 97, no. 3, pp. 190-195.
4. Currie, S., Sinclair, M., Murphy, M.H., Madden, E., et al., 2013. Reducing the decline in physical activity during pregnancy: A systematic review of behaviour change interventions. PlOS one, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 1-12.
5. de Barros, M.C., Lopes, M.A., Francisco, R.P., Sapienza, A.D., et al., 2010. Resistance exercise and glycemic control in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. American Journal of Obstetetrics and Gynecology, vol. 203, no. 6, pp. 1-6.
6. Domingues, M.R., Barros, A.J., 2007. Leisure-time physical activity during pregnancy in the 2004 Pelotas birth cohort
study. Revista de Saude Publica, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 173-180.
7. Evenson, K.R., Savitz, D.A., Huston, S.L., 2004. Leisure-time physical activity among pregnant women in the US. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, vol.18, no. 6, pp. 400-407.
8.Gaston, A., Vamos, C.A., 2013 Leisure-time physical activity patterns and correlates among pregnant women in Ontario, Canada. Maternal and Child Health Journal, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 477-484.
9. Haakstad, L.A., Bø, K., 2011. Effect of regular exercise on prevention of excessive weight gain in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Healthcare, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 116-125.
10. Hagstromer, M., Oja, P., Sjostrom, M., 2006. The International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ): A study of concurrent and construct validity. Public Health and Nutrition, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 755-762.
11. Hui, A., Back, L., Ludwig, S., Gardiner, P., et al., 2012. Lifestyle intervention on diet and exercise reduced excessive
gestational weight gain in pregnant women under a randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, vol. 119, no. 1, pp. 70-77.
12. Janz, K.F., Dawson, J.D., Mahoney, L.T., 2000. Tracking physical fitness and physical activity from childhood to
adolescence: the Muscatine Study. Medicine and Sciences in Sport and Exercise, vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 1250-1257.
13. Kluge, J., Hall, D., Louw, Q., Theron, G., et al., 2011. Specific exercises to treat pregnancy-related low back pain in a South African population. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, vol. 113, no. 3, pp. 187-191.
14. Ko, P.C., Liang, C.C., Chang, S.D., Lee, J.T., et al., 2011. A randomized controlled trial of antenatal pelvic floor exercises to prevent and treat urinary incontinence. International Urogynecology Journal, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 17-22.
15. Liu, J., Blair, S.N., Teng, Y., Ness, A.R., et al., 2011. Physical activity during pregnancy in a prospective cohort of British women: results from the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children. European Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 237-247.
16. Mason, L., Roe, B., Wong, H., Davies, J., et al ., 2010. The role of antenatal pelvic floor muscle exercises in prevention of postpartum stress incontinence: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Nursing, vol. 19, no. 19-20, pp. 2777-2786.
17. Montoya Arizabaleta, A.V., Orozco Buitrago, L., Aguilar de Plata, A.C., Mosquera Escudero, M., et al., 2010. Aerobic
exercise during pregnancy improves health-related quality of life: a randomized trial. Journal of Physiotherapy, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 253-258.
18. Nascimento, S.L., Surita, F.G., Parpinelli, M.Â., Siani, S., et al., 2011. The effect of an antenatal physical exercise
programme on maternal/perinatal outcomes and quality of life in overweight and obese pregnant women: a randomized
clinical trial. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 118, no. 12, pp. 1455-1463.
19. Nelson, M.E., Rejeski, W.J., Blair, S.N., 2007. Physical activity and public health in older adults: recommendation from the American college of sports medicine and the American heart association. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 1435-1445.
20. Phelan, S., Phipps, M.G., Abrams, B., Darroch, F., et al., 2011. Randomized trial of a behavioral intervention to prevent excessive gestational weight gain: the Fit for Delivery Study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 93, no. 4, pp. 772-779.
21. Robledo-Colonia, AF., Sandoval-Restrepo, N., Mosquera-Valderrama, Y.F., 2012. Aerobic exercise training during pregnancy reduces depressive symptoms in nulliparous women: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Physiotherapy, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 9-15.
22. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists., 2006. Exercise in Pregnancy. RCOG, Statement, no 4, (http://www. rcog.org.uk/womens-health/clin ical-guidance/exercise-pregnancy).
23. Seneviratne, S.N., 2014. Antenatal exercise in overweight and obese women and its effects on offspring and maternal health: design and rationale of the IMPROVE (Improving Maternal and Progeny Obesity Via Exercise) randomised controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, vol. 26, no. 14, pp. 148.
24. Seneviratne, S.N., McCowan, L.M., Cutfield, W.S., Derraik, J.G., et al., 2014. Exercise in pregnancies complicated by obesity:achieving benefits and overcoming barriers. American Journal of Obstetetrics and Gynecology. Pii: S0002-9378(14)00570-5. [Epub ahead of print]
25. Songøygard, K.M., Stafne, S.N., Evensen, K.A., Salvesen, K.Å., et al., 2012. Does exercise during pregnancy prevent
postnatal depression? A randomized controlled trial. Acta Obstetrics and Gynecology Scandinavia, vol. 91, no. 1, pp. 62-67.
26. Stafne, S.N., Salvesen, K.Å., Romundstad, P.R., Stuge, B., et al., 2012. Does regular exercise influence lumbopelvic
pain? A randomized controlled trial. Acta Obstetrics and Gynecology Scandinavia, vol. 91, no. 5, pp. 552-559.
27. Stafne, S.N., Salvesen, K.Å., Romundstad, P.R., Eggebø, T.M., et al., 2012. Regular exercise during pregnancy to prevent gestational diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 119, no. 1, pp. 29-36.
28. Trudeau, F., Laurencelle, L., Shephard, R.J., 2004. Tracking of physical activity from childhood to adulthood. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, vol. 36, no. 11, pp. 1937-1943.
29. Vallim, A.L., Osis, M.J., Cecatti, J.G., Baciuk, É.P., et al., 2011. Water exercises and quality of life during Pregnancy. Reproduction Health , vol. 16, no. 8, pp.14.
30. van Mechelen, W., Twisk, J.W., Post, G.B., Snel, J., et al., 2000. Physical activity of young people: the Amsterdam
longitudinal growth and healthy study. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, vol. 32: pp. 1610-1616.
31. Walsh, J.M., McGowan, C., Byrne, J., McAuliffe, F.M., 2011. Prevalence of physical activity among healthy pregnant
women in Ireland. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, vol. 114, no. 2, pp. 154-155.
)