Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 MSc Student in Exercise Physiology, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
2 Full Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
Background and Aim: Surfactant protein (SP-A) is most abundant surfactant protein in lungs and plays an important role in eliminating the infection and inflammatory mediators. Further, Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn (Pare-siavashan) composed elements such as flavonoids and saponins maidenhair and may play an effective role in inhibiting the inflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of interval training along with Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn supplementation on levels of SP-A in lung male rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty male Wister rats with three weeks old and average weight of 68 ± 9 g were randomly divided into 2 groups including interval training and control groups. The interval training group was divided into three sub-groups including training, supplementation and training+supplementation groups after the end of 6-week interval training. The Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn herbal supplement were fed orally for 3 weeks, with the daily dose of 200 mg per kilogram of body weight. The levels of lung SP-A was measured using Cusabio ELISA kit (China Company). The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and LSD tests at the significant level of p≤0.05. Results: The results showed no significant differences between lung SP-A levels after 6 (p=0.28) and 9 (p=0.14) weeks of interval training compared to control group; however SP-A levels significantly decreased in the training - Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn group (p=0.001) compared to other interventions. Conclusion: Regarding the significant reduction of SP-A after interval training, it seems that supplementation may inhibit the pathophysiological effects of incremental trainings and to reduce the inflammatory parameters well and to strengthen the lung immunity.
Keywords
Ansari, R., & Ekhlasi-Kazaj, K. (2012). Adiantum capillus-veneris. L: Phytochemical constituents, traditional uses and pharmacological properties: A Review. Journal of Advanced Scientific Research, 3(4), 15-20.
Blacker, H. A., Orgeig, S., & Daniels, C. B. (2004). Hypoxic control of the development of the surfactant system in the chicken: evidence for physiological heterokairy. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 287(2), 403-410.
Carlsen, K. H. (2011). The breathless adolescent asthmatic athlete. European Respiratory Journal, 38(3), 713-720.
Chimenti, L., Morici, G., Paternò, A., Bonanno, A., Siena, L., Licciardi, A., ... & Bonsignore, M. R. (2007). Endurance training damages small airway epithelium in mice. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 175(5), 442-449.
Chroneos, Z., Sever-Chroneos, Z., & Shepherd, V. (2010). Pulmonary surfactant: an immunological perspective. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry, 25(1), 13-26.
Dietl, P., Frick, M., Mair, N., Bertocchi, C., & Haller, T. (2004). Pulmonary consequences of a deep breath revisited. Neonatology, 85(4), 299-304.
Dimitriou, L., Hill, J. A., Jehnali, A., Dunbar, J., Brouner, J., McHugh, M. P., & Howatson, G. (2015). Influence of a montmorency cherry juice blend on indices of exercise-induced stress and upper respiratory tract symptoms following marathon running—a pilot investigation. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 12(1), 22.
Doyle, I. R., Jones, M. E., Barr, H. A., Orgeig, S., Crockett, A. J., McDonald, C. F., & Nicholas, T. E. (1994). Composition of human pulmonary surfactant varies with exercise and level of fitness. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 149(6), 1619-1627.
Doyle, I. R., Morton, S., Crockett, A. J., Barr, H. A., Davidson, K. G., Jones, M. J., ... & Nicholas, T. E. (2000). Composition of alveolar surfactant changes with training in humans. Respirology, 5(3), 211-220.
Eckle, T., Faigle, M., Grenz, A., Laucher, S., Thompson, L. F., & Eltzschig, H. K. (2008). A2B adenosine receptor dampens hypoxia-induced vascular leak. Blood, 111(4), 2024-2035.
Ghods Mirheidari, S., & Takally, H. (2004). Analyzing and studying the effects of interval training on students heart rate. Harakat, 18, 153-160. [Persian]
Glasser, J. R., & Mallampalli, R. K. (2012). Surfactant and its role in the pathobiology of pulmonary infection. Microbes and Infection, 14(1), 17-25.
Gleeson, M. (2007). Immune function in sport and exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 103(2), 693-699.
Hoier, B., Passos, M., Bangsbo, J., & Hellsten, Y. (2013). Intense intermittent exercise provides weak stimulus for vascular endothelial growth factor secretion and capillary growth in skeletal muscle. Experimental Physiology, 98(2), 585-597.
Jobson, S. A., Passfield, L., Atkinson, G., Barton, G., & Scarf, P. (2009). The analysis and utilization of cycling training data. Sports Medicine, 39(10), 833-844.
Margaritis, I., Palazzetti, S., Rousseau, A. S., Richard, M. J., & Favier, A. (2003). Antioxidant supplementation and tapering exercise improve exercise-induced antioxidant response. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 22(2), 147-156.
Arabzadeh, E. (2014). Effect of 6-week interval training on the levels of lung HIF-1 in the maturing rat. Ph.D Thesis, Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Spring. Mazandaran University. [Persian]
Niazi, S. (2015). Effect of hypobaric hypoxia and interval training on lung HIF-1 male rats following the taper program and supplements adiantum capillus veneris. Ph.D Thesis, Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Spring. Mazandaran University. [Persian]
Neystani, FO. (2015). SP-A levels and remodeling pulmonary alveolar following the taper and Nigella sativa in the maturing rat. Ph.D Thesis, Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Spring. Mazandaran University. [Persian]
Moldoveanu, B., Otmishi, P., Jani, P., Walker, J., Sarmiento, X., Guardiola, J., ... & Yu, J. (2009). Inflammatory mechanisms in the lung. Journal of Inflammation Research, 2, 1.
Rajurkar, N. S., & Gaikwad, K. (2012). Evaluation of phytochemicals, antioxidant activity and elemental content of Adiantum capillus veneris leaves. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 4(1), 365-374.
Rocco, P. R., Dos, C. S., & Pelosi, P. (2009). Lung parenchyma remodeling in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Minerva Anestesiologica, 75(12), 730-740.
Samten, B., Townsend, J. C., Sever-Chroneos, Z., Pasquinelli, V., Barnes, P. F., & Chroneos, Z. C. (2008). An antibody against the surfactant protein A (SP-A)-binding domain of the SP-A receptor inhibits T cell-mediated immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Journal of Lukocyte Biology, 84(1), 115-123.
Shirazi, M. H., Amin, G., Akhondi Lavasani, B., & Eshraghi, S. S. (2011). Study of antibacterial properties of adiantum capillus-veneris extract on eight species of gram positive and negative bacteria. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 4(40), 124-132.
Su, S., Chen, H. I., & Jen, C. J. (2005). Exercise enhances surfactant-mediated phagocytosis in bronchoalveolar macrophages. Chinese Journal of Physiology, 48(4), 210.
Swaroop, K. K., Anbu, J., Ashwini, A., Sumithra, M., & Sathish, R. (2012). Influence of ethanolic leaf extract of Sargassum wightii and Adiantum capillus on histamine induced asthma in animal model. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(4), 121-123.
Vatain, D., Khataii, T., & Norozian, N. (2013). The effects of coenzyme Q10 supplemenetation during taper on some performance indicators in endurans. Journal of Biological Sciences Sports, 5(3), 13-28. [Persian]
Yadegari, M., Riahy, S., Mirdar, S., & Hamidian, G. (2018). Effect of the adiantum capillus veneris extract on bax and Bcl2 apoptotic markers of lung modulation in trained rats and exposed to hypoxic stress. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 4(64), 162-171.
Yuan, Q., Zhang, X., Liu, Z., Song, S., Xue, P., Wang, J., & Ruan, J. (2013). Ethanol extract of adiantum capillus-veneris L. suppresses the production of inflammatory mediators by inhibiting NF-kB activation. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 147(3), 603-611.
)