Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 PhD Student in Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Karaj, Karaj, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Deprtment of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Islamshahr, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Background and Aim: There are strong evidences that exposure to hyperoxia improves performance during continuous exercise with positive effect on recovery.  The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of inhaling oxygen during recovery on lactate response, blood PH and bicarbonate in trained young swimmers. Materials and Methods: In this semi experimental study, 20 trained swimmers (20-28 years) were randomly divided into two groups as experimental group (10 people) and control group (10 people). After warming up, subjects performed Crawl swim at 80 to 90% of record achieved during the 12-minutes and  1:30 minutes recovery time in the pool. Protocol of oxygen inhalation was including oxygen inhalation at a concentration of 40% and 10 liters per minute, which was used as supplemented by the mask attached to the cylinder in recovery stage (break 1:30 minutes). The control group performed recovery stage by inactive manner. Fasting blood samples were taken before and after training from vein arm. Data were analyzed with Independent t-test and paired t-test at p>0.05. Results: The results significant difference before and after of the training in two groups (the mean blood lactate and PH in swimmers) (p=0.000). Moreover,  significant difference was found between the mean lactate, PH and bicarbonate between two groups after the interval training (p>0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings, it seems that Oxygen inhalation is effective during high-intensity exercise on lactate, blood pH and bicarbonate and it can be considered as an effective method of intervention during training.

Keywords

Adams, R. P., & Welch, H. G. (1980). Oxygen uptake, acid-base status, and performance with varied inspired oxygen fractions. Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental and Exercise Physiology, 49(5), 863–868.
Billaut, F., & Buchheit, M. (2013). Repeated-sprint performance and vastus lateralis oxygenation: effect of limited O2 availability. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 23(3), 185–193.
Casey, D. P., & Joyner, M. J. (2012). Compensatory vasodilatation during hypoxic exercise: mechanisms responsible for matching oxygen supply to demand. The Journal of Physiology, 590(24), 6321–6326.
Faiss, R., Leger, B., Vesin, J. M., Fournier, P. E., Eggel, Y., Deriaz, O., & Millet, G. P. (2013). Significant molecular and systemic adaptations after repeated sprint training in hypoxia. PLoS One, 8(2), 24-36.
Faiss, R., Willis, S., Born, D. P., Sperlich, B., Vesin, J. M., Holmberg, H. C., & Millet, G. P. (2015). Repeated double-poling sprint training in hypoxia by competitive cross-country skiers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 47(4), 809–817.
Foster, C., Farland, C. V., Guidotti, F., Harbin, M., Roberts, B., Schuette, J., ... & Porcari, J. P. (2015). The effects of high intensity interval training vs steady state training on aerobic and anaerobic capacity. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 14(4), 747.
Gandevia, S. C. (2001). Spinal and supraspinal factors in human muscle fatigue. Physiological Reviews, 81(4), 1725-1789.
Girard, O., Mendez-Villanueva, A., & Bishop, D. (2011). Repeated-sprint ability-part I: factors contributing to fatigue. Sports Medicine, 41(8), 673-694.
Hauser, A., Zinner, C., Born, D. P., Wehrlin, J. P., & Sperlich, B. (2014). Does Hyperoxic Recovery during Cross-country Skiing Team Sprints Enhance Performance? Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 46(4), 787–94.
KazemI, A., & Fashi, M. (2011). The response of blood buffering capacity and H+ regulation to three types of recovery during repeated high-intensity endurance training. Journal of Research in Sport Medicine and Technology, 9(2), 27-40. [Persian]
Maeda, T., & Yasukouchi, A. (1998). Blood lactate disappearance during breathing hyperoxic gas after exercise in two different physical fitness groups on the workload fixed at 130% AT. Applied Human Science, 17(2), 33–40.
Prieur, F., Benoit, H., Busso, T., Castells, J., Geyssant, A., & Denis, C. (2002). Effects of moderate hyperoxia on oxygen consumption during submaximal and maximal exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 88(3), 235-242.
Robbins, M. K., Gleeson, K., & Zwillich, C. W. (1992). Effect of oxygen breathing following submaximal and maximal exercise on recovery and performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 24(6), 720-725.
Sperlich, B., Zinner, C., Krueger, M., Wegrzyk, J., Achtzehn, S., & Holmberg, H. C. (2012). Effects of hyperoxia during recovery from 5x30-s bouts of maximal-intensity exercise. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(9), 851–858.
Sperlich, B., Zinner, C., Krueger, M., Wegrzyk, J., Mester, J., & Holmberg, H. C. (2011). Ergogenic effect of hyperoxic recovery in elite swimmers performing high-intensity intervals. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 21(6), 421–429.
Sperlich, B., Schiffer, T., Achtzehn, S., Mester, J., & Holmberg, H. C. (2010). Pre-exposure to hyperoxic air does not enhance power output during subsequent sprint cycling. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 110(2), 301-305.
Stellingwerff, T., Glazier, L., Watt, M. J., LeBlanc, P. J., Heigenhauser, G. J., & Spriet, L. L. (2005). Effects of hyperoxia on skeletal muscle carbohydrate metabolism during transient and steady-state exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 98(1), 250–256.
Tucker, R., Kayser, B., Rae, E., Rauch, L., Bosch, A., & Noakes, T. (2007). Hyperoxia improves 20 km cycling time trial performance by increasing muscle activation levels while perceived exertion stays the same. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 101(6), 771-781.
White, J., Dawson, B., Landers, G., Croft, K., & Peeling, P. (2013). Effect of supplemental oxygen on post-exercise inflammatory response and oxidative stress. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 113(4), 1059-1067.
Wolfel, E. E., Groves, B. M., Brooks, G. A., Butterfield, G. E., Mazzeo, R. S., Moore, L. G., ... & McCullough, R. E. (1991). Oxygen transport during steady-state submaximal exercise in chronic hypoxia. Journal of Applied Physiology, 70(3), 1129-1136.
Zinner, C., Hauser, A., Born, D. P., Wehrlin, J. P., Holmberg, H. C., & Sperlich, B ) . 2015 .( Influence of hypoxic Interval training and hyperoxic recovery on muscle activation and oxygenation in connection with double-poling exercise. PLOS One, 10(10), 1-12.