Rahman Soori; Fatemeh Mahmoodi; Azam Ramezankhani; Kia Ranjbar
Abstract
Background and Aim: Nesfatin-1 and neuropeptide Y are anti-appetite and the appetite hormones that play and important roles in energy balance and obesity. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of 12 weeks resistance training on serum levels of nesfatin-1 and neuropeptide Y in sedentary obese ...
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Background and Aim: Nesfatin-1 and neuropeptide Y are anti-appetite and the appetite hormones that play and important roles in energy balance and obesity. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of 12 weeks resistance training on serum levels of nesfatin-1 and neuropeptide Y in sedentary obese men. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 men aged between 48 to 60 years with BMI≥30 kg/m2, were randomly allocated to the resistance training and control groups. The training program consists of 12 weeks of resistance training, 3 sessions a week, 3 sets with 10 to 13 reps per session and with the intensity of 50-75% of one repetition maximum and 60-90 seconds rest. Every four weeks, one repetition maximum was calculated and the weights were adjusted again. Before and 48 hours after the 12 weeks exercise, measurement of nesfatin-1 and neuropeptide Y were performed. Repeated measures ANOVA was used for statistical analysis at significance level of pResults: The results revealed that after 12 weeks resistance training, significant changes were not observed in the levels of nesfatin-1 (p=0.59) and cortisol (p=0.60). The levels of neuropeptide Y significantly (p=0.01). Also, a significant reduction in body mass index (p=0.02), body fat percent (p=0.01) and waist circumference (p=0.001) was observed in training group (p<0.05). The results showed that nesfatin-1 concentration did not change significantly in obese people after 12 weeks of resistance training. Conclusion: The type, severity and duration of this type of training is not enough to make a difference in these variables. There was also a significant increase in levels of neuropeptide Y, which represents the negative energy balance in subjects in resistance group.
Nasrin Niazi Nejad; Abdolhossein Parnow; Rasoul Eslami
Abstract
Background and Aim: The effect of periodization has been confirmed on the training adaptations; but the most effective approach are not known well for strength and endurance development for a wide variety of populations; therefore, the aim of present study was to investigate the effect of linear periodized ...
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Background and Aim: The effect of periodization has been confirmed on the training adaptations; but the most effective approach are not known well for strength and endurance development for a wide variety of populations; therefore, the aim of present study was to investigate the effect of linear periodized (LP) and Nonlinear periodized (NLP) resistance training on muscular strength and endurance in untrained adolescence girls. Materials and Methods: A number of 23 untrained adolescence girls were randomly assigned into 3 groups including control group, LP group, and NLP group. The linear model of periodization include a volume decrease and an intensity gradually increase as training progressive and the nonlinear model of periodization includes an increase and decrease of the intensity and volume training, respectively during cycles training. 48 hours before and after 8 weeks protocols, the upper and lower body muscular strength were assessed via 1RM leg press and bench press movements respectively, and lower and upper body muscular endurance were measured through push up and squat movement, respectively as well. The data was analyzed using ANCOVA test and the significance level was considered if pResults: Data analysis showed that LP and NLP significantly increased upper and lower body muscular strength, upper body muscular endurance (p<0.001), lower body muscular endurance (p=0.01 ), and decrease body fat percent (p=0.04). In addition, LP led to more increase in lower body muscular strength (p=0.04), and NLP led to more increase in upper body muscular endurance (p=0.03), while there was no significant difference in explosive power (p=0.07), upper body muscular strength (p=0.88), lower body muscular endurance (p=0.99) and body fat percent (p=0.64) between LP and NLP groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Although muscular strength and endurance are improved by the LP and NLP models; the LP model is better training method to improve lower body muscular strength and NLP model is a more approach to improve upper body muscular endurance in untrained adolescence girls, although strength and endurance of muscles are improved in the result of LP and NLP models.
Mohsen Mohammadnia Ahmadi; Hamid Rajabi
Abstract
Background and Aim: Nowadays, cold-water immersion (CWI) has been established as a promising means to support recovery in high performance sports after highly intensive training bouts or competitions. There are many studies about effectiveness of acute CWI to support recovery after strenuous exercise, ...
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Background and Aim: Nowadays, cold-water immersion (CWI) has been established as a promising means to support recovery in high performance sports after highly intensive training bouts or competitions. There are many studies about effectiveness of acute CWI to support recovery after strenuous exercise, but the overall results seem to be conflicting. However, adaptational aspect has been widely neglected. Therefore, we analyzed the effects of immersion in cold and moderate water after resistance training on the some adaptations of strength training. Materials and Methods: In all, 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats (8-weeks) were assigned randomly into 4 equal groups including control (208.50±22.50 g), resistance training (208.87±26.70 g), resistance training + moderate water immersion (208.37±16.30 g.) and resistance training + cold water immersion (218.75±33.20 g) groups. The resistance training consisted of climbing (5 reps/3 sets) a ladder (120 cm) carrying load (equal to a percent of body weight) suspended from the tail. At last set (during 6 minute), rats in immersion water groups, immersed within container consisted water with 27˚C and 14˚C respectively. This process repeated 3 times a day during 8 weeks. At the first and last session, ladder climbing strength maximal was measured. Immediately after euthanasia (24 h after final training session), the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and soleus muscles and subcutaneous-inguinal fat tissue was exposed and weighed. The data was analyzed with the one-way ANOWA method and significance level considered if pResults: Results showed that subcutaneous-inguinal fat (p=0.01), FHL and soleus weight (p=0.01) and maximal strength of ladder climbing (p=0.001) were significantly different in all studied group; so the best improvement was obvious at the resistance + moderate water immersion group. Conclusion: It is concluded that immersion in moderate water have a better impact on the strength training adaptations in rats.
Azadeh Hosseini; Abdolhossein Parnow; Issac Karimi; Bahare Hosseini
Zeenat Ebrahimi; Parivash Piraki; Mohammad Reza Ramezanpour; Mozafar Yektayar
Abstract
Background and Aim: Apoptosis is extremely important to regulate the immune system, particularly lymphocytes or reduce the risk of starting a devastating response؛ therefore; the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exhaustive exercise after eight-week resistance exercise on lymphocyte ...
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Background and Aim: Apoptosis is extremely important to regulate the immune system, particularly lymphocytes or reduce the risk of starting a devastating response؛ therefore; the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exhaustive exercise after eight-week resistance exercise on lymphocyte apoptosis in inactive women. Materials and Methods: 24 healthy inactive women were randomly divided into experimental and control groups with average 21.7 ± 0.9 and 20.58 ±0.9 ages respectively. The experimental group completed eight-week resistance training. Moreover, one exhaustive exercise session was performed for both groups. Blood samples were collected immediately before and after training period, after exhaustiveexercise, and 24 hours later. Statistical analyzing between groups was analyzed by one-way ANOVA, and changes within groups were measured by ANOVA with repeated measures (p>0.05). Results: Significant differences were observed between two groups in lymphocytes apoptosis. Apoptosis increased significantly after an exhaustive exercise in control group (p=0.001), and also, after 24 hours of activity was still high (p=0.496). Lymphocyte apoptosis was significantly differed after eight-week of practice in experimental group (p=0.000). However, these changes were not significant after one session of exhausting exercise, After 24 hours of activity, and it lead to apoptosis decrease significantly in experimental group, although, control group was not showed a significant reduction (p=0.020). Conclusion: resistance training had positive effect on the ability of immune system in order to face intensive exercise. It is possible that resistance exercise may have beneficial effect on cell apoptosis and it could improve public health.
Jehangir Ahmadi; Ali Hassani; Adel Donyai
Abstract
Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of ginseng supplementation and six weeksof resistance training on aerobic and anaerobic factors of non-active students at the university of Shahrood. Materialsand Methods: In this way, 50 students of Shahrood university with an ...
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Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of ginseng supplementation and six weeksof resistance training on aerobic and anaerobic factors of non-active students at the university of Shahrood. Materialsand Methods: In this way, 50 students of Shahrood university with an age average of 19±2 years and the body mass index average of 22±3 kg/m2 voluntarily participated in the study. The subjects were divided randomly into four groups including training+supplement (13 people), training+placebo (13 people), supplement (12 people), and control (12 people) groups. Training groups were performed a designed protocol three times per week for 6 weeks. Before and after the training program, the Bruce aerobic test, the Wingate anaerobic test and body composition were measured. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for evaluating of normal distribution of data and then the paired t-test and repeated measure ANOVA test (4×2) were applied for detection of significant differences (p<0.05) between groups. Results: The peak anaerobic power (p=0.02) and maximum aerobic power (p=0.001) were significantly increased in the training groups, however, average aerobic power (p=0.12), minimum aerobic power (p=0.09) and fatigue index (p=0.32) did not show any significant differences between groups. Conclusion: Compared to the resistance training intervention, resistance training along with ginseng supplement may have a greater role in improving aerobic and anaerobic power in non-active male students.
Mehrdad Fathei; Ehsan Mir
Abstract
Background and Aim: Blood coagulation is one of the most important physiological factors in the body,s homeostasis imbalance. There are some conflicting data about the effect of exercise trainings, especially resistance training on this factor. Hence, the aim of the present study was to identify ...
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Background and Aim: Blood coagulation is one of the most important physiological factors in the body,s homeostasis imbalance. There are some conflicting data about the effect of exercise trainings, especially resistance training on this factor. Hence, the aim of the present study was to identify the effect of 12 sessions of resistance training on some coagulation and fibrinolytic factors in non-active men. Materials and Methods: Towenty subjects volounteered for this semi-experimental study and randomly divided into two groups including experimental (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. The resistance training protocole included 6 movements such as chest press with halter, lat pull, triceps with halter, squat, extension and flexion of the knee which performed in 12 sessions up to 60-40 percent of one repetition maximum. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and at the end of the study. To make intra and inter-group comparisons, analysis of variance with repeated measures and LSD tests were appllied and for all statistical analysis, the significance level was set at pplatelets in both groups did not show a significant changes (p>0.05). As well as, prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time factors increased significantly in resistance training group (p=0.02 and p=0.01 respectively). Conclusion: 12 sessions of resistance training via the reducing of levels of fibrinogen and increasing the prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time could prevent thrombosis and sudden incidence of heart disease in non-active young men.
Ahmad Mohammadi Moghaddam; Vahid Tadibi; Naser Behpoor
Abstract
Background and Aim: The previous research has indicated that many factors can affect on appetite and energy intake rate. Physical activity can be considered as an important one. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of acute interval aerobic running and endurance weight training on appetite ...
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Background and Aim: The previous research has indicated that many factors can affect on appetite and energy intake rate. Physical activity can be considered as an important one. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of acute interval aerobic running and endurance weight training on appetite in overweight men. Materials and Methods: In a plan of one group with repeated measures, 12 overweight men (25>BMI>30) voluntarily participated in this study. Participants divided randomly into 3 equal groups including interval aerobic training, endurance weight training, and control groups. Training protocols carried out in 3 weeks with one reating week in order to cleaning of plasma. Interval aerobic training consisted 3 sets, 10 minutes exercises with a 5 minutes interval rest at intensity of 13th Borg scale; and endurance weight training included 8 movements and 20 repetitions at 40 percent of one repetition maximum (1RM). Moreover, the level of appetite was assessed by Visual Analog Scale. Results: The desire to eat was significantly reduced 9 hours after exercise than pre-test in both training groups (p=0.01). The t-test results also showed no significant difference between two type of exercises (p=0.80). Although, the fullness feeling was increased 9 hours after the exercise in both training groups, however, this change was significant only in the endurance weights training group (p=0.001). These values did not significantly change in the control group. Conclusion: In general, according to the present results, the endurance weight training can have a significant effect on desire to eat and also fullness felling 9 hours after exercise than interval aerobic running. The latter had only significant reduction on desire to eat 9 hours after exercise. Therefore, the endurance weight training can be considerd as a good exercise for reducing of appetite level and it can be benefit for overweight men.
