Ameneh Pourrahim Ghouroghchi; Ali Ahmadzadeh; Roghayeh Afroundeh
Abstract
Background and Aim: The effect of resistance training and cold water immersion on muscle injury and inflammation is not clear. The aim of this study was to study the effect of 8-weeks resistance training and cold water immersion on muscle injury and inflammation responses following an acute strength ...
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Background and Aim: The effect of resistance training and cold water immersion on muscle injury and inflammation is not clear. The aim of this study was to study the effect of 8-weeks resistance training and cold water immersion on muscle injury and inflammation responses following an acute strength activity in futsal players men. Materials and Methods: Twenty futsal players (age 26±3.07 years and body mass index 24±3.40 kg/m2) volunteered to participate in the study and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. After first blood sampling, both groups performed one session of acute circular resistance training with 75% of 1-RM at 5 stations, 3 sets, 8-10 repetitions, and a 90-second rest between sets and a 5-minute rest between stations. The second blood sampling was performed after 48 hours. The experimental group performed 8 weeks of circular resistance training, 3 sessions per week like the acute resistance training and immediately after exercise were immersed, 20 minutes at 5-10°C in cold water. Forty eight hours after last training session, blood sampling was performed. Then, both experimental and control groups performed the second acute circular resistance training and one hour later, the fourth blood sampling was performed. The differences of variables at different time intervals were compared with 2×4 two-way ANOVA and Independent samples t-test at p < 0.05. Cearitine kinase (CK) was measured with Iran Alpha Classic Autoanalyzer and Bionic kit; while white blood cells (WBC) count and their subclasses were measured with BC-3000 hematologic auto analyzer and China Mindry kit. The differences between the variables at different times were analyzed by 4* 2 two-way ANOVA and the differences between the two groups were determined by independent t-test at p < 0.05. Results: CK (p=0.001), WBC and neutrophils (p=0.001) significantly were increased in both groups after the first acute resistance training. After 8 weeks of resistance training-cold water immersion CK (p=0.004), WBC, neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes (p=0.001) significantly decreased in experimental group as compared to the control group. 8 weeks resistance training-cold water immersion significantly decreased CK, WBC, neutrophils (p=0.001), and lymphocytes (p=0.004) in experimental group following the second acute resistance training compared to the control group. Whereas, there was no significant differences in monocytes (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Resistance training along with cold water immersion could reduce muscle damage and inflammation following acute exercise.
Saman Hadjizadeh Anvar; Mohammadreza Kordi; Parisa Pournemati; Sara Farajnia; Nima Gharadaghi; Mohammadreza Rahmati
Abstract
Background and Aim: It is mentioned a critical role for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) in mitochondrial biogenesis, and for irisin in angiogenesis, myogenesis and health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cold-water immersion ...
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Background and Aim: It is mentioned a critical role for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) in mitochondrial biogenesis, and for irisin in angiogenesis, myogenesis and health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cold-water immersion (CWI) post repeated sprint activity (RSA) on irisin & PGC-1α. Materials and Methods: Among 50 soccer players recruited from Tehran premier league, 20 men (age 23.5±1.67 yrs) were selected randomly to this study and after the RSA, 10 participants immersed in cold water (14°C) and 10 others set on a chair passively. Blood sampling was taken before and after RSA, after CWI or passive rest and after 24 hours. Serum irisin & PGC-1α were assessed through ELIZA kit of ZelBio, Germany. Shapiro-Wilk test was performed to determine data normality and to determine possibly differences between means in each group and in different times, analysis of variance test with repeated measures was applied at the significant level of p≤0.05. Results: The time factor had a significant effect on PGC-1α levels [F(3,51)=6.52, p=0.001, pη2=0.27], but the group effect [F(1,17)=0.79, p=0.38] and time - group interaction [F(3,51)=1.53, p=0.21] was not significant. PGC-1α had a significant increases after the RSA in both groups (p=0.004), but its changes were not significant after CWI or rest (p=1.00). In addition, PGC-1α changes was not significant after 24h (p=1.00). Moreover, the time factor had a significant effect on irisin levels [F(3,51)=15.38, p<0.001, pη2=0.47], but the group effect [F(1,17)=0.48, p=0.49] and the time – group interaction [F(3,51)=1.91, p=0.14] were nor significant. In other hand, irisin had a significant increases after the RSA in both groups (p<0.001), but its changes were not significant after CWI or rest (p=0.06). Further, the changes of irisin was not significant after 24h (p=1.00). Conclusion: It seems that the RSA could improve cellular processes through PGC-1α & irisin elevation.
Mojtaba Khaki; Abbasali Gaeini; Mohammad Reza Kordi; Mohammad Reza Rahmati; Abbas Hoseini; Saman Hajizadeh
Abstract
Background and Aim: Today, finding the best recovery method for athletes is very important. The purpose of this study wasto measure the effects of repeated sprint activities (RSA) and 12 minutes immersion (CWI) in cold water (14 ₒ C) immediately after performance of RSA on fatigue serum inflammatory ...
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Background and Aim: Today, finding the best recovery method for athletes is very important. The purpose of this study wasto measure the effects of repeated sprint activities (RSA) and 12 minutes immersion (CWI) in cold water (14 ₒ C) immediately after performance of RSA on fatigue serum inflammatory biomarkers as Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in active men.Materials and Methods: The research adopted a quasi-experimentalmethod and the statistical population was20-26 year-old active men. in this was 20 active males after performance of RSA randomlywere divided into two groups as control passive recovery (PAS) and experimental (CWI) groups. Blood samples were taken from both groups, immediately before and 24 hours after immersion in cold water. For statistical analysistheWilcoxon and Repeated measures and ANOVA tests were used (p<0.05). Results: The results showed that RSA training significantly increased the TNF-α and IL-6 (p=0.02 & p=0.0001 respectively). However, the CWI significantly decreased the levels of TNF-α (p=0.006). Although, the CWI and PAS after RSA, could not prevent from increaseing in serum IL-6 levels, however in the cold water group, this increase was lower (p=0.001). After sprint activity, CWI caused significant reduction in serum levels of TNF-α in 24 hours after CWI (p=0.01), moreover, the CWI and PAS significantly decreased the levels of IL-6 after 24 hours of cold water recovery (p=0.01). Conclusion: Cold water immersiom and also cold with a local reduction in permeability of blood vessels could limit or delaythe accumulation of inflammatory factors.
