Hossain Jokar; Sirous Farsi; Mehran Ghahramani
Abstract
Background and Aim: Role of exercise training and antioxidant supplements has been reported in the kidney tissue, but their interactive effect is still not well understood. This research examines the effect of eight weeks of resistance training and zinc supplementation on tumor necrosis factor alpha ...
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Background and Aim: Role of exercise training and antioxidant supplements has been reported in the kidney tissue, but their interactive effect is still not well understood. This research examines the effect of eight weeks of resistance training and zinc supplementation on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and C -reactive protein (CRP) of kidney tissue in rats following complete unilateral ureteral obstruction. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats with an age range of 12-16 weeks and a weight range of 220-250 grams were selected; the rats ureters were completely obstructed during surgery, were randomly divided into four groups including: nephrectomy control, Zinc supplementation, resistance training, and resistance training + Zinc supplementation. Moreover, to investigate the effects of nephrectomy, eight healthy rats were assigned in the healthy control group and eight one that underwent surgery with no kidney obstruction were assigned in the sham group. The resistance training groups performed climbing with an intensity of 30-100% of their body weight three times a week for eight weeks. The Zinc supplementation groups received 30 mg/kg/w Zinc supplement orally each day. To analyze the data, one-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post hoc test were used at p<0.05 level. Results: The results showed significant reduction in TNF-α and CRP levels in both training and supplementation groups than the non-training (control) groups (p=0.001). Also, the interaction of training and supplementation was significant in reducing CRP levels in rats following unilateral ureteral obstruction (p=0.001). Conclusion: It appears that resistance training and Zinc supplementation both individually and interactively, have synergistic effects on reducing inflammatory factors; however, further studies are needed about the interactive effect of these factors on TNF-α levels.
Mohsen Akbarpour; Abozar Jahanmehr
Abstract
Background and Aim: The inflammatory markers cause changes in body composition and edocrine activity and lead to cardiovascular disease and diabetes on the other hand, active lifestyle and physical activity may improve these indicators. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of 8 weeks ...
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Background and Aim: The inflammatory markers cause changes in body composition and edocrine activity and lead to cardiovascular disease and diabetes on the other hand, active lifestyle and physical activity may improve these indicators. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of 8 weeks combined resistance and endurance training at morning and evening on Interlukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in overweight men. Materials and Methods: 40 non- athletes overweight men (age mean 24±1.57 and BMI mean 28.22±3.6) were randomly allocated to two groups morning and evening combined training and two groups morning and evening control. Morning and evening training groups performed the combined training protocol three sessions per week for 8 weeks. The combined training program included a strength and endurance training that subjects first implemented a strength and then endurance program at their practice sessions. While the control groups were denied doing training programs during the research period. Blood samples (5 cc) were taken from the participants at the beginning of the period and end of week 8 in order to measure CRP, IL-6. Within-group differences were analyzed by paired samples t-test and the between-group differences were analyzed by one-way ANOVA (p<0.05). Results: The results showed 8 weeks of combined training in the morning and evening decreased CRP and IL-6 in the experimental groups compared with the control groups. Conclusion: According to results of this study, combined training in the morning and evening reduces the percentage of pre-inflammatory factors, although there was no significant difference between these indices in the morning and in the evening, Therefore, overweight men can be advised to take advantage of a strength-endurance training program regardless of training time to reduce cardiovascular risk factors.
Zahra Farshidi; Abbas Ali Gaeini
Abstract
Background and Aim: Aerobic endurance training is the most efficient type of physical training. It indicate beneficial effects on obese subjects because of decreasing chronic inflammation. Apelin plays a key role in energy metabolism adjustment. Therefore it is important to study the levels of blood ...
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Background and Aim: Aerobic endurance training is the most efficient type of physical training. It indicate beneficial effects on obese subjects because of decreasing chronic inflammation. Apelin plays a key role in energy metabolism adjustment. Therefore it is important to study the levels of blood apelin in obese people. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of progressive aerobic training on the level of apelin, TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP in obese inactive women. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 30 obese inactive women (mean age 37.19±1.75 yr, body mass index 35.01±2.42 kg/m2) with no regular physical training were selected. They were randomly divided into two groups (N=15) including training and control groups. The individuals in the training group performed a progressive aerobic training protocol including running 3 days a week during period of 12 weeks up to the 60 to 80 percent of maximum heart rate. The average of exercise duration in every session was approximately 60 minutes. Fasting blood samples were taken before and after protocol. The concentrations of biochemical markers in plasma and serum were measured by commercial ELISA kits. To extraction of results the two-way ANOVA 2×2 test was applied and the significance level was considered as p≤0.05. Results: Two-way ANOVA was demonstrated the significant decreases in levels of apelin (p<0.001), TNF-α (p<0.001), IL-6 (p<0.001) and CRP (p<0.001) after progressive aerobic training. Conclusion: Progressive aerobic training is related to reduction of fat tissue and cytokines production and consequently decreases in apelin levels. The apelin reduction can be considered as a well-known mechanism to decrease inflammation in obese inactive women.
Mostafa Shakiba; Mehrdad Fathi; Sara Gholami Avval
Abstract
Background and Aim: Some cytokines are introduced as the predictors of cardiovascular disease risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of continuous and interval training on serum TNF-ɑ, IL-6 and hs-CRP levels in female basketball players. Materials and Methods: Thirty ...
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Background and Aim: Some cytokines are introduced as the predictors of cardiovascular disease risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of continuous and interval training on serum TNF-ɑ, IL-6 and hs-CRP levels in female basketball players. Materials and Methods: Thirty eight healthy female basketball players voluntarily participated in this study, and further they randomly divided into three groups including continuous, interval and control groups. Blood samples were collected in both pre and post-test after 12 hours of fasting. Continuous and interval training were performed 3 times per week for eight weeks. Results: Eight weeks of continuous and interval training significantly reduced serum IL-6, TNF-ɑ and hs-CRP levels (p<0.05); while these variables had no significant effect in the control group (p>0.05). Moreover, significant difference were found for IL-6 levels between continuous and control group (p=0.005). The same result also were found for TNF-ɑ levels between interval and control groups (p=0.001) as well as also between continuous training and control group (p=0.03). The mean changes of hs-CRP showed a significant difference between interval and control group (p=0.0001) and also between interval and continuous training group (p=0.01). In this way, Interval training versus aerobic training led to further decrease in levels of IL-6 (20% vs. 13.19%), TNF-ɑ (42.12% vs 29.31%) and hs CRP (52.17% vs 21.17%), respectively. Conclusion: Both of continuous and interval training during eight weeks could significantly decreased inflammatory cytokines levels, moreover, interval training made the most changes in these cytokines. Therefore, continuous and interval training are recommended to prevent and control cardiovascular disease risk factors.
