Navid Lotfi; Maryam Mirzaei.Takmil; Amir Karimi
Abstract
Background and Aim: In recent years, various methods of cryotherapy have been used to reduce intensive exercise-induced injuries and inflammation for fast and complete recovery as well as exercise capacity elevation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cold water immersion ...
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Background and Aim: In recent years, various methods of cryotherapy have been used to reduce intensive exercise-induced injuries and inflammation for fast and complete recovery as well as exercise capacity elevation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cold water immersion (CWI) following a Wushu specific training session on the anabolic/catabolic indices and cellular damages. Materials and Methods: Sixteen elite Wushu athletes from Kurdistan province (mean age: 19.17±2.80 years, weight: 77.37±8.30 kg, body fat: 10.25±30%) were selected as the subjects and performed a Wushu training session. During the recovery period, the subjects of the CWI group immersed in the cold water for 20 minutes, while control group rested passively in the same position. Blood samples were collected immediately before and after training and after recovery period. To analyze the data, analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni tests were applied at the significant level of p<0.05. Results: There were no significant changes in the level of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzymes following a training session (p>0.05). The level of growth hormone, testosterone, and the testosterone/cortisol ratio increased significantly after training in both groups (p<0.05), while following the recovery period, testosterone level decreased only in the CWI group (p<0.05). Moreover, cortisol level decreased significantly after recovery period (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The levels of anabolic hormones (growth hormone and testosterone) reduced by ICW following a Wushu training session; and it seems that the use of this method can attenuate exercise-induced positive responses and it may have long-term negative effects on athlete’s performance.
Hadi Moazzeni; Saeed Ilbeigi; Marziyeh Saghebjoo; Mohammad Yousefi
Abstract
Background and Aim: Exercising without proper recovery is likely to leave sports-related injuries or cause pain to the athletes. Therefore, the aim of present study was conducted to investigate the effect of six weeks of dedicated football training and various recovery methods on the speed, vertical ...
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Background and Aim: Exercising without proper recovery is likely to leave sports-related injuries or cause pain to the athletes. Therefore, the aim of present study was conducted to investigate the effect of six weeks of dedicated football training and various recovery methods on the speed, vertical jump and muscle damage of football players. Materials and Methods: Thirty six young and elite football players of Birjand city were selected purposefully and randomly divided into 4 groups of passive recovery, active recovery, floating in cold water and massage. Subjects first took a 20-meter back and forth running session to the point of exhaustion and then participated in a 20-minute recovery procedure. After that, they practiced football for 6 weeks, and then they did a session of instrument making, and at the end they participated in one of the 20-minute recovery methods. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) indices were measured by Elisa, velocity by the double-run Bangsbo velocity test, and anaerobic power by the Sargent jump test. The results were extracted using analysis of variance with repeated measures, dependent t-test, and tuky test at the p<0.05 level. Results: Inactive recovery and massage methods following 6 weeks of special football training reduced LDH enzyme (p=0.01 & p=0.04 respectively) and massage recovery method reduced CK enzyme (p=0.001) in participants. On the other hand, cold water recovery improved athletes’ speed (p=0.01), but cold water recovery and massage methods improved vertical jump (p=0.01). Conclusion: The immersion in cold water and active recovery between training sessions accelerates the recovery of physical functions (speed and explosive power) and reduces the indicators of muscle damage (CK & LDH) of football players.
Ahmad Hematfar; Lida Ghoorehdan
Abstract
Background and Aim: Blood glucose level will be affected during physical activity therefore the supplementation could apply the important role in this case. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of carbohydrate alone and with L-Arginine supplementation on serum insulin and glucose levels ...
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Background and Aim: Blood glucose level will be affected during physical activity therefore the supplementation could apply the important role in this case. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of carbohydrate alone and with L-Arginine supplementation on serum insulin and glucose levels during recovery periods after maximal aerobic activity. Materials and Methods: 12 physical education female students with mean age 21.33±1.37 years old and body mass index 21.71± .59 kg m2 volunteered to participate in this study . The protocol was performed in two separate phase; both control and experimental groups were done within a week. In the control phase, subjects performed maximal aerobic activity with 80-85 MHR intensity until fatigue and then they consumed the carbohydrate supplement. In the experimental phase, after aerobic activity, carbohydrate with L-Arginine drink was consumed. Blood samples were taken before and after exercise, and also 1, 2 and 3 h after supplementation. Data were analyzed by (ANOVA) with repeated measure and Bonferoni post hoc tests. Significant level was set at p< 0.05. SPSS18 software was used for data analyzing. Results: The results showed that carbohydrate supplementation with L-Arginine than carbohydrates have a significant increase in glucose concentration 2 and 3 hours (p=0.0001) and increase in insulin concentration immediately, 2 and 3 hours (p=0.0001) after intensive aerobic exercise. Conclusion: Carbohydrate with L-Arginine consumption as compare to the carbohydrates consumption could increased glucose and insulin concentration levels during recovery period after exercise which is indicated the increasing of muscle glycogen synthesis during the recovery.