Saeed Abedinzadeh; Ensieh Zahedi; Hamid Abbasi; Reza Sharifatpour
Abstract
Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rebound exercises on balance, strength and muscular endurance of children with Down syndrome. Materials and Method: 30 children with Down syndrome were selected through available sampling and randomly divided into two experimental ...
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Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rebound exercises on balance, strength and muscular endurance of children with Down syndrome. Materials and Method: 30 children with Down syndrome were selected through available sampling and randomly divided into two experimental groups of 15 people (age: 9.0±1.30 years, height: 1.30±0.05 m, weight: 32.51±3.39 kg) and control (age: 9.8±1.52 years, height: 1.31±0.03 m, weight: 32.46±2.56 kg) were divided. In order to evaluate the static and dynamic balance, the Bruininks-Ozertsky test was used, in order to evaluate the strength of knee flexion and extension, manual evaluation of muscle function was used, and in order to evaluate muscle endurance, the squat test was used before and after the exercises. The experimental group performed rebound exercises for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week. In order to analyze the data, two-way repeated measure variance analysis tests were used at a significant level (p ≤ 0.05). Results: After 8 weeks of rebound exercises, a significant improvement was observed in static and dynamic balance tests, lower limb muscle strength and endurance (p ≤ 0.05). No significant difference was observed in any of the variables of the control group (p ˃ 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, performing rebound exercises can improve balance, strength and muscle endurance and ultimately reduce the risk of falling in children with Down syndrome. Therefore, these exercises are recommended to therapists.
Saeed Ilbeigi; Alireza Morshedi; Marziyeh Saghebjoo; Mahdieh Abdullahzade
Abstract
Background and Aim: Today, training on various training surfaces is one of the most important concerns of coaches for improving sports performance, which has rarely been considered in sport teams. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of six-week of specific volleyball training on ground ...
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Background and Aim: Today, training on various training surfaces is one of the most important concerns of coaches for improving sports performance, which has rarely been considered in sport teams. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of six-week of specific volleyball training on ground surfaces (concrete, floor and sand) on some selected factors of physical fitness in volleyball male players. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six male volleyball players (average age, 16.11±0.82 years) were purposefully selected and randomly divided into three training groups including training on concrete, floor, and sand surfaces. The repeated effort performance test (jump and real-time, time and ideal jump) with four repetitions and rest between repetitions at players’ movement speed between 4 to 8 seconds was used. All tests were performed before and after the training programs. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s tests were used at the significance level of p≤0.05. Results: Anaerobic power, explosive power (Jumping record) and time reduction in the repeated performance test significantly increased in the both sand and flooring groups compared to the concrete group. Moreover, agility and dynamic balance in the sand and flooring group had a significant decrease and increase, respectively, as compared to the concrete group. Additionally, dynamic balance showed more increased in the sand group than in the floor group. Conclusion: Specific volleyball exercises on sand compared to other surfaces by increasing training overload caused neuro-muscular adaptations and finally improved sports performance and physical fitness of volleyball players. Accordingly, coaches can use sand surfaces to maximize the benefits of training and prevent injury and pain to players.
Masoud KhademPir; Sadegh Cheragh-Birjandi; Mostafa Teymuri Kheravi
Abstract
Background and Aim: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system that affects the brain and spinal cord and cause disturbances in the conduction of nerve and electrical currents. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of combined training on the ...
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Background and Aim: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system that affects the brain and spinal cord and cause disturbances in the conduction of nerve and electrical currents. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of combined training on the expression of neuregulin-1 gene, balance and body composition in patients with MS. Materials and Methods: Thirty women with MS mean age 47.7±4.79 year and weight 69.70±5.5 kg living in Mashhad city were randomly divided into two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. The experimental group performed combined exercises including resistance exercises with an intensity of 65 to 85% of a one maximum repetition and aerobic exercises with 60 to 70% of maximum heart rate for eight weeks, three days a week, and 45 minutes in each session while the control group did not participate in any sports program during this period. Blood samples were taken from the brachial vein before and 48 hours after exercise in a fasting state. Neuroglin-1 gene expression were determined using Real Time PCR method. Balance index was measured by BDI and TUG tests, and body composition also was measured using a body composition analyzer. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and paired t-test at the significant level of p≤0.05. Results: Combined training significantly increased neuregulin-1 gene expression (p=0.001), static balance (p=0.001), dynamic balance (p=0.001), lean body mass (p=0.001) and significantly decreased fat body mass (p=0.001) in MS people. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present research, combined exercises can improve the conditions of MS patients by increasing the influencing factors in the illness.
Vahid Taghizadeh; Elham Hakak Dokht; Mahdi Ghahremani Moghaddam
Abstract
Background and Aim: Studies have shown that pilates exercises play a role in the treatment and prevention of neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the possible mechanism for this effect is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of pilates ...
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Background and Aim: Studies have shown that pilates exercises play a role in the treatment and prevention of neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the possible mechanism for this effect is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of pilates training on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and dynamic balance of men with MS. Materials and Methods: This study was a semi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design. Twenty-two men with mean age of 34.9 ±3.7 years, mean expanded disability status scale (EDSS) of 3.6 ±1.07 and mean body mass index (BMI) of 24.07 ±4.3 kg/m2 were selected and randomly assigned into pilates exercise training (n=12) and control (n=10) groups. The experimental group performed three sessions per week of pilates exercise training for 8 weeks. The timed up and go balance test (TUG) was used to evaluate the patients’ balance, moreover, the sandwich ELISA method was applied to measure serum BDNF levels. For statistical analysis, the t-test was used to compare the intra-group changes and the ANCOVA method to compare between the groups changes at the significant level of p < 0.05. Results: intra-group changes showed that serum BDNF levels in pilates group increased significantly (p=0.03) and duration of TUG test also decreased significantly (p=0.02); neither of these two variables displayed a significant change in the control group (p>0.05). There was a significant difference between two groups after 8 weeks of training in the serum level of BDNF (p=0.04) as well as the balance test (p=0.01). Conclusions: Pilates exercises can be considered as important part of rehabilitation programs for patients with MS because of the increase in BDNF and the improvement of balance in the intervention group.
Saeid Bahiraei; Hassan Daneshmandi
Abstract
Background and Aim: Down syndrome is consider as the most common genetic disorders to mental disabilities. There are specific anatomical and physiological characteristics in Down syndrome (DS) people that make them different from other healthy people. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship ...
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Background and Aim: Down syndrome is consider as the most common genetic disorders to mental disabilities. There are specific anatomical and physiological characteristics in Down syndrome (DS) people that make them different from other healthy people. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between postural control and structural profiles in children with Down syndrome. Materials and Methods: 30 male with DS (mean age: 14/86 ±1/65 yr., height: 158/89 ±10/1 cm, weight: 63/33±13/9 kg, body mass index: 25/50±4/19 kg/m2) and 25 patient healthy peers (mean age: 15/04 ±2/13 Yr., height: 164/36 ± 11/42 cm, weight: 56/24±12/01 kg, and body mass index: 20/72± 3/58 kg/m2) participated in this study as the sample group. The head and shoulders postures, lordosis and kyphosis angles and balance were evaluted with the photography, flexible ruler and Biodex balance system respectively. Independent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to analyze the data (p≤0/05). Results: The results indicated that the forward head posture (p=0.001) and balance (p=0.001) of Down syndrome patients are significantly lower but thekyphosis angle of them is significantly higher (p=0.001) than healthy participants. Moreover, the significant relationship were found between the forward head posture and anterior-posterior balance test (p=0.02), and between the kyphosis with anterior-posterior balance (p=0.009) and finally between the kyphosis with general balance (p=0.006) in individuals with Down syndrome. Conclusion: Therefor due to poor balance and some structural abnormalities in patients with Down syndrome, it seems that the corrective exercise would be necessary to improve balance and postures in individuals with Down syndrome.
