Amir Mohtashami; Marziyeh Saghebjoo; Farhad Rahmani-nia
Abstract
Background and Aim: Resistance training (RT) plays a major role in developing muscle mass and strength. This study aimed to compare the effect of eight weeks of modified German volume resistance training (MGVRT), high-intensity resistance training (HIRT), and non-linear resistance training (NLRT) on ...
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Background and Aim: Resistance training (RT) plays a major role in developing muscle mass and strength. This study aimed to compare the effect of eight weeks of modified German volume resistance training (MGVRT), high-intensity resistance training (HIRT), and non-linear resistance training (NLRT) on the serum levels of myostatin (Mstn), follistatin (FLS), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and muscle mass and strength in male athletes. Materials and Methods: Forty young men bodybuilders were randomly assigned into equal groups, including MGVRT, HIRT, NLRT, and control. Training protocols were performed for eight weeks (three times a week). Selected biochemical variables, muscle mass, and strength were measured before and 48 hours after the last training session. For statistical analyses the analysis of covariance, repeated-measures analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests were and significance level was set as p≤0.05. Results: The Mstn and FLS protein levels significantly decreased and increased, respectively in all three experimental groups compared with the control group. Moreover, the NF-κB level was significantly lower in the MGVRT and HIRT groups than NLRT and control groups. Furthermore, the arm and thigh circumference and muscular strength in the chest press and squat movements significantly increased in all three experimental groups as compared with the control group where the increase in arm circumference in the MGVRT group was significantly higher than in the HIRT and NLRT groups and as the same the muscular strength in the HIRT group was significantly higher than in the MGVRT and NLRT groups. Conclusion: All three RT protocols lead to improve biochemical, anthropometric, and functional indices in male athletes, but the MGVRT and HIRT protocols led to more increase in muscular hypertrophy and maximum strength, respectively. However, further studies are needed on the relationship between RT protocols with muscle mass and strength, and the biochemical parameters associated with them.
Saeed Ilbeigi; Marziyeh Saghebjoo; Maliheh Behmadi
Abstract
Background and Aim: Increased oxidative stress due to exercise as well as the body’s ability to deal with its complications cause different levels of health and disease in people. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of two weeks of curcumin supplementation on serum level of malondialdehyde ...
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Background and Aim: Increased oxidative stress due to exercise as well as the body’s ability to deal with its complications cause different levels of health and disease in people. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of two weeks of curcumin supplementation on serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) indices after a session of intense intermittent training in overweight and obese girls. Materials and Methods: Twenty two overweight and obese girls (mean age: 21±1.79 years; weight: 68.80±7.81 kg; body mass index: 31.18±1.96 kg/m2) as purposefully selected and randomly divided into two homogeneous groups (experimental and placebo) according to age and body mass index. The experimental group was underwent intense acute intermittent activity (shuttle run activity protocol; 85 to 95% heart rate percent) and curcumin supplement (80 mg/day post-lunch). The results were extracted using repeated measures ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, and LSD post hoc tests at the level of p<0.05. Results: Intense intermittent activity caused a significant increase in MDA (p=0.001) and a significant decrease in SOD (p=0.001) while two weeks of curcumin supplementation caused a significant decrease in MDA (p=0.009) and a significant increase in SOD (p=0.01). On the other hand, two weeks of curcumin supplementation before intense intermittent activity did not significantly change MDA (p=0.06) and SOD (p=0.21). Conclusion: Two weeks of curcumin supplementation could inhibits lipid peroxidation.
Babak Mostafa Farkhani; Marziyeh Saghebjoo; Seyed Alireza Hosseini Kakhk; Mehdi Hedayati
Abstract
Background and Aim: Aerobic training and the use of blood flow restriction (BFR) have a positive effect on improving athletes’ aerobic power. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of five weeks of speed endurance production training with and without BFR on serum vascular endothelial ...
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Background and Aim: Aerobic training and the use of blood flow restriction (BFR) have a positive effect on improving athletes’ aerobic power. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of five weeks of speed endurance production training with and without BFR on serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) levels and aerobic and anaerobic performance in male soccer players. Materials and Methods: Thirty nine male soccer players (mean age 17±0.49 years, height 177±3.32 cm, weight 68±1.24 kg) were randomly divided into three equal groups, namely (1) speed endurance production training with BFR (SEPB), (2) speed endurance production training without BFR (SEP), and (3) control (C, common soccer training). Training program (repeated maximal 30‐s sprint running, separated by 150‐s recovery periods) and BFR (upper thigh BFR with a rating of 7 out of 10 on a perceived pressure scale) were performed three times a week for five weeks. Serum VEGF and HIF-1α levels, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), aerobic performance, anaerobic power, fatigue index, and running speed were measured before and after the training program. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used for statistical analyzing at the significance level of p≤0.05. Results: VO2max and aerobic performance in the SEPB and SEP groups and running speed of 30 meters in the SEP and C groups showed significant improvement so that the increase in VO2max and aerobic performance in the SEPB group was significantly higher than in the SEP group. The VEGF and HIF-1α levels were significantly decreased in all three groups compared with the pre-test. Also, anaerobic power and fatigue index in all three groups decreased and increased, respectively as compared to the pre-test. Conclusion: Speed endurance production training improves VO2max, aerobic performance, and running speed of 30 meters in male soccer players and BFR using during the rest intervals can lead to further improvements in some of these variables. Further studies are needed to identify reasons for decreased serum levels of VEGF and HIF-1α along with the improvement of aerobic parameters following speed endurance production training.
Hadi Moazzeni; Saeed Ilbeigi; Marziyeh Saghebjoo; Mohammad Yousefi
Abstract
Background and Aim: Exercising without proper recovery is likely to leave sports-related injuries or cause pain to the athletes. Therefore, the aim of present study was conducted to investigate the effect of six weeks of dedicated football training and various recovery methods on the speed, vertical ...
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Background and Aim: Exercising without proper recovery is likely to leave sports-related injuries or cause pain to the athletes. Therefore, the aim of present study was conducted to investigate the effect of six weeks of dedicated football training and various recovery methods on the speed, vertical jump and muscle damage of football players. Materials and Methods: Thirty six young and elite football players of Birjand city were selected purposefully and randomly divided into 4 groups of passive recovery, active recovery, floating in cold water and massage. Subjects first took a 20-meter back and forth running session to the point of exhaustion and then participated in a 20-minute recovery procedure. After that, they practiced football for 6 weeks, and then they did a session of instrument making, and at the end they participated in one of the 20-minute recovery methods. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) indices were measured by Elisa, velocity by the double-run Bangsbo velocity test, and anaerobic power by the Sargent jump test. The results were extracted using analysis of variance with repeated measures, dependent t-test, and tuky test at the p<0.05 level. Results: Inactive recovery and massage methods following 6 weeks of special football training reduced LDH enzyme (p=0.01 & p=0.04 respectively) and massage recovery method reduced CK enzyme (p=0.001) in participants. On the other hand, cold water recovery improved athletes’ speed (p=0.01), but cold water recovery and massage methods improved vertical jump (p=0.01). Conclusion: The immersion in cold water and active recovery between training sessions accelerates the recovery of physical functions (speed and explosive power) and reduces the indicators of muscle damage (CK & LDH) of football players.
Ali Reza Nasirzade; Saeed Ilbeigi; Ali Reza Ehsanbakhsh; Marziyeh Saghebjoo
Abstract
Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the muscle architectural parameters such as muscle thickness, pennation angle and fascicle length of the biceps, brachii, and triceps brachii (long head) muscles in table tennis players. Materials and Methods: 16 table tennis players and 10 inactive ...
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Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the muscle architectural parameters such as muscle thickness, pennation angle and fascicle length of the biceps, brachii, and triceps brachii (long head) muscles in table tennis players. Materials and Methods: 16 table tennis players and 10 inactive individuals participated in the study, with no significant differences for their age, height, weight, and arm length parameters. Muscle thickness and pennation angle in 50%, 60% and 70% of arm length sites was measured and fascicle length was estimated by B-mode ultrasonography images. Results: The results indicated significantly greater muscle thickness for biceps brachii only in 60% and 70% sites in table tennis players. They also showed significantly greater muscle thickness, lesser pennation angle, and greater fascicle length in all sites of triceps brachii. Conclusion: It seems that muscle architectural parameters developed in table tennis players arm muscles to help them to perform their high speed movements. However, muscle thickness of biceps brachii and triceps brachii at different arm sites showed dissimilar adaptations.
