Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 PhD in Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
Background and Aim: Interval training have tremendous effects on physiological aspects of athletic performance. Also there are wide range of findings reported about rheological essences of training. The present study was intended to investigate the effects of two different high intensity interval training (HIIT) regimens on rowing performance and compare it to traditional rowing training in elite male rowers. Materials and Methods: Thirty elite rowers who represented in Iran national rowing team in 2014 divided into incremental high intensity interval (INC) training (n=10), smooth-like high intensity interval (SMO) training (n=10) and traditional endurance (TRA) training (n=10) randomly (age: 22.4±3.6, height: 187.4±5.9, weight: 83.7±8.7, body fat: 8.7±2.3). Performance characters including VO2max, vRmax, TvRmax, HR and Lactate and also, hemorheological factors were assessed in pre-training. These factors also assessed after a period of 8-week interval training (2 times per week) as post-training. ANOVA was recruited to evaluate the significance level of the changes in 0.05 level using SPSS 16.0. Results: Significant positive increase in VO2max (p=0.0001 and p=0.03 respectively), vRmax (p=0.02 and p=0.02 respectively) and TvRmax of INC and SMO (p=0.03 and p= 0.01 respectively). Also MPO improved in INC (p= 0.02) and SMO (p=0.03). But no any significant change in rheological factors (RBC, Hct, Hb and HCM) was shown between three groups (p≥0.05). Conclusion: Both of interval training regimens improved performance characteristics of the rowers. Nevertheless, INC improves performance in Lactate threshold more than SMO.
Keywords
Bishop, P. A., Jones, E., & Woods, A. K. (2008). Recovery from training: A brief review. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(3), 1-10.
Bentley, D. J., McNaughton, L. R., Thompson, D., Vleck, V. E., & Batterham, A. M. (2001). Peak power output, the lactate threshold, and time trial performance in cyclists. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(12), 2077–2081.
Bruce, C. R., Anderson, M. E., Fraser, S. F., Stepto, N. K., Klein, R., Hopkins, W. G., & Hawley, J. A. (2000). Enhancement of 2000-m rowing performance after caffeine ingestion. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(11), 1958–1963.
Driller, M. W., Fell, J. W., Gregory, J. R., Shing, C. M., & Williams, A. D. (2009). The effects of high-intensity interval training in well-trained rowers. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 4, 110-121.
El-Sayed, M. S., Ali, N., & Ali, Z. E. S. (2005). Haemorheology in exercise and training. Sports Medicine, 35(8), 649-670.
El-Sayed, M. S. (1988). Effects of exercise and training on blood rheology. Sports Medicine, 26(5), 281-292.
Esfarjani, F., & Laursen, P. B. (2007). Manipulating high-intensity interval training: effects on VO2max, the lactate threshold and 3000 m running performance in moderately trained males. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 10(1), 27-35.
Farzad, B., Gharakhanlou, R., Agha-Alinejad, H., Curby, D. G., Bayati, M., Bahraminejad, M., & Mäestu, J. (2011). Physiological and performance changes from the addition of a sprint interval program to wrestling training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(9), 2392-2399.
Gharaat, M. A., Agha-Alinejad, H., Eidi-Abarghani, L., & Mehri-Alvar, Y. (2016). Effect of caffeine on recovery from ergometer rowing. Journal of life Sciences in Sport, 8(1), 77-94. [persian]
Kentta, G., & Hassmen, P. (1998). Overtraining and recovery. Journal of Sports Medicine, 26, 1–16.
MacDougall, J. D., Hicks, A. L., MacDonald, J. R., McKelvie, R. S., Green, H. J., & Smith, K. M. (1998). Muscle performance and enzymatic adaptations to sprint interval training. Journal of Applied Physiology, 84(6), 2138-42.
Mirzaaghajani, A., Alikhani, H., Hojjati, Z., & Gharaat, M. A. (2016). Comparison of the effects of continuous and high intensity interval training on aerobic performance in elite male rowers. Journal of Practical Studies of Bioscience in Sport, 4(7), 23-32. [Persian]
Rodas, G., Ventura, J, L., Cadefau, J, A., Cussó, R., & Parra, J. (2000). A short training programme for the rapid improvement of both aerobic and anaerobic metabolisms. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 82(5-6), 480-6.
Robergs. R. (2007). Simplified method and program for incremental exercise protocol development. Journal of Exercise Physiology, 1-23.
Secher. N. H. (1993). The Physiology of rowing. Sports Medicine, 15, 23-53.
Secher. N. H., Vaago, O., & Jackson, R. (1982). Rowing performance and maximal aerobic power of oarsmen. Scandinavian Journal of Sports Sciences, 4, 9-11.
Shaper, A. G., Pocock, S. J., Walker, M., Phillips, A. N., Whitehead, T. P., & Macfarlane, P. W. (1985). Risk factors for ischaemic heart disease: the prospective phase of the British Regional Heart Study. Journal of Epidemiology Community Health, 39(3), 197-209.
Sheykhlouvand, M., Gharaat, M. A., Bishop, P., Khalili, E., Karami, E., & Fereshtian, S. (2015). Anthropometric, physiological, and performance characteristics of elite canoe polo players. Psychology & Neuroscience, 8(2), 257-266.
Sheykhlouvand, M., Gharaat, M. A., Khalili, E., Agha-Alinejad, H., Rahmaninia, F., & Arazi, H. (2018). Low-volume High-intensity Interval versus Continuous Endurance Training: Effects on Hematological and Cardiorespiratory System Adaptations in Professional Canoe Polo Athletes. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 32(7), 1852-60.
Skinner, T. L., Jenkins, D. G., Coombes, J. S., Taaffe, D. R., & Leveritt, M. D. (2010). Dose response of caffeine on 2000 m rowing performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 42(3), 571–576.
Soori, R., Naghizadeh, A., Dehghan, M., Nemati, A., Torabi, F., Sheikholeslami, D., & Asadi, A. (2007). Comparison the effects of different times of physical activity in diverse nutritional status on cardiovascular risk factors in high risk middle aged women. Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 32, 256-262.
Stepto, N. K., Hawley, J. A., Dennis, S. C., & Hopkins, W. G. (1999). Effects of different interval-training programs on cycling time trial performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31, 735-741.
)