Document Type : Original Article
Authors
Abstract
Background and Aim: Theconditions of a safe exercise program, depends on the physiological and motivational abilities of individuals. Furthermore, the estimated prominent component of the intensity of physical activity is very important, especially for deaf children. Materials and Methods: 24 deaf adolescences aged 12 to 18 years, with a hearing impairment greater than 80 DB, and a mean BMI of (19.9 ± 3.5 Kg/m2), voluntarily performed the aerobic maximal protocol along with analysis of respiratory gases with the verbal BORG10 and visual OMNI perceived exertion scales. Results: Construct validity showed a significant correlation between BORG10 and OMNI scales during submaximal ergometery (R=0.73, P=0.002), and high significant correlation also found during an exhaustive exercise (R=0.91, P=0.001). on the other hand, moderate correlation was observed for accectable concurrent validity with respet to relationship among two the psychosomatic scales and physiological indexes (HRR, VO2, VE) during the submaximal ergometery. Conclusion: Because, to communicate and interaction problems in deaf children with the social environment especially during a physical activity, both analog and numerical Perceived Exertion scales have optimization construct validity to adjust the various daily physical tasks. Visual Perceived Exertion Scale is also more efficient during an exhaustive and relatively maximal aerobic ergometery and can be used during attending targeted deaf children to develop physical activity during leisure time or sports events planning for coaches.
Keywords
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Balasekaran, G., Govindaswamy, V., & Robertson, J. (2012). OMNI scale of perceived exertion: mixed gender and race validation for Singapore children during cycle exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 112, 3533–3546.
Barkley, J. E., & Roemmich, J. N. (2011). validity of a pediatric RPE scalewhen different exercise intensities arecompleted on separate Days. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 9, 52–57.
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dynamic exercises using borg’s RPE 6-20 scale. Proceedings of the Intemational MultiConference of Engineer and Computer Scientists, 2, 978-988.
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Faulkner, M. S., Quinn, L., Rimmer, J. H., & Rich, l. (2005). cardiovascular endurance and heart rate variability in adolescents with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Biological Research For Nursing, 7, 16–29.
Fragala-Pinkham, M., O'Neil, M. E., Lennon, N., Forman, J. L., & Trost, S. G. (2015). validity of the OMNI rating of perceived exertion scale for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 57, 48-53.
Gappmaie, E. (2012) the submaximal clinical exercise tolerance test to establish safe exercise prescription parameters for patients with chronic disease and disability. Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal, 23, 19-29.
Guidetti, L., Broccatelli, M., Baldari, C., Buzzachera, C. F., Goss, F. L., & Utter, A. C. (2011). validation of the italian version of the OMNI scale of perceived exertion in a sample of italian-speaking adults. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 112, 201-10.
Haddad, M., Chaouachi, A., Castagna, C., Hue, O., Wong, DP., & Tabben, M. (2013). validity and psychometric evaluation of the French version of RPE scale in young fit males when monitoring training loads. Science & Sports, 8, 29-35.
Hassan, S. H., Subhan Beg, M. F., & Ali Sheikh, S. (2007). usefulness of modified BORG scale for dyspnoea in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and asthma in a rural population of Karachi, 13, 152-63.
Hasselstrøm, H., Hansen, S. E., Froberg, K., & Andersen, L. B. (2002). Physical fitness and physical activity during adolescence as predictors of cardiovascular disease risk in young adulthood. Danish Youth and Sports Study. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 1, 27-31.
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Leung, R. W., & Chung, P. K. (2004). Validity and reliability of a Cantonese-translated rating of perceived exertion scale among Hong Kong adults. Percept Motor Skills, 98, 725–35.
Marinov, B., Mandadjieva, S., & Kostianev, S. (2008). Pictorial and verbal categoryratio scales for effort estimation in children. Child: Care, Health and Development, 34, 35-43.
Noble, B. J., & Robertson, R. J. (1996). Perceived exertion. champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Parfitt, G., Shepherd, P., & Eston, R. G. (2007). Reliability of effort production using the children’s CALER and BABE perceived exertion scales. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 5, 49–55.
Pfeiffer, K. A., Pivarnik, J. M., Womack, C. J., Reeves, M. J., & Malina, R. M. (2002). Reliability and validity of the Borg and OMNI rating of perceived exertion scales in adolescent girls. Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise, 34, 2057–2061.
Pitetti, K. H., Fernhall, B., & Figoni, S. (2002). Comparing two regression formulas that predict VO2Peak using
the 20 M shuttle run for children and adolescents. Pediatric Exercise Science, 14, 125-34.
Robertson, R. J., Goss, F. L., Boer, N. F., Peoples, J. A., Foreman, A. J., & Dabayebeh, I. M. (2000). Children's OMNI scale of perceived exertion: mixed gender and race validation. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32, 452-8.
Robertson, R. J., Goss, F. L., Dube, J., Rutkowski, J., Dupain, M., & Brennan, C. (2004). Validation of the adult OMNI scale of perceived exertion for cycle ergometer exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36, 102-8.
Robertson, R. J., Goss, F. L., Andreacci, J. L., Dube, J. J., Rutkowski, J. J., & Snee, B. M. (2005). Validation of the children's OMNI RPE scale for stepping exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 37, 290-8.
Rodrl guez, M., & Antoñan, C. (2015). Validity of the session rating of perceived exertion for monitoring exercise demands in youth soccer players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10, 404-407.
Roemmich, J. N., Barkley, J. E., Epstein, L. H., Lobarinas, C. L., White, T. M., & Foster, J. H. (2006). Validity of PCERT and OMNI walk/run ratings of perceived exertion. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 38, 1014-9.
Tanaka, H., Monahan, K. D., & Seals, D. R. (2001). Age – predicted maximal heart rate revisited. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 37(1), 153-6.
Utter, A. C., Robertson, R. J., Nieman, D. C., & Kang, J. (2002). Children’s OMNI scale of perceived exertion: walking/ running evaluation. Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise, 34, 139–144.
Utter, AC., Robertson, RJ., Green, JM., Suminski, RR., McAnulty, SR., & Nieman, DC. (2004). Validation of the Adult OMNI Scale of perceived exertion for walking/running exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36, 1776-80.
Williams, J. G., Eston, R., & Furlong, B. (1994). CERT: a perceived exertion scale for young children. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 79, 1451–1458.
Akkerman, M., Vanbrussel, M., Hulzebos, H. J., & Vanhees, L. (2010). The oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES): what do we know? Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation & Prevention, 30, 357–573.
Balasekaran, G., Govindaswamy, V., & Robertson, J. (2012). OMNI scale of perceived exertion: mixed gender and race validation for Singapore children during cycle exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 112, 3533–3546.
Barkley, J. E., & Roemmich, J. N. (2011). validity of a pediatric RPE scalewhen different exercise intensities arecompleted on separate Days. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 9, 52–57.
Carrel, A. L., Clark, R., Peterson, S. E., Eickhoff, J., & Allen, D. B. (2007). school-based fitness changes are lost during the summer vacation. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine,161, 561-564.
Chen, Y. L., Yang, P. J., Chen, C. C., Hsia. P. Y., & Lin, S. K. (2013). comparative analysis of physical static and
dynamic exercises using borg’s RPE 6-20 scale. Proceedings of the Intemational MultiConference of Engineer and Computer Scientists, 2, 978-988.
Cowan, R. E., Ginnity, K. L., Kressler, J., Nash, M. S., & Nash, M. S. (2012). assessment of the talk test and rating of ,perceived exertion for xercise intensity prescription in persons with paraplegia. Topics in Spinal Cord
Injury Rehabilitation, 18, 212-19.
Daniel, W. A. (1982). nutrition requirement of adolescent: adolescent nutrition. New York: John- Wiely & Sons.
Ellis, M. K. (2001). the influence of parents hearing level and residential status on health-related physical fitness and community sports involvement of deaf Children. Paleastra, 17, 44-49.
Faulkner, M. S., Quinn, L., Rimmer, J. H., & Rich, l. (2005). cardiovascular endurance and heart rate variability in adolescents with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Biological Research For Nursing, 7, 16–29.
Fragala-Pinkham, M., O'Neil, M. E., Lennon, N., Forman, J. L., & Trost, S. G. (2015). validity of the OMNI rating of perceived exertion scale for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 57, 48-53.
Gappmaie, E. (2012) the submaximal clinical exercise tolerance test to establish safe exercise prescription parameters for patients with chronic disease and disability. Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal, 23, 19-29.
Guidetti, L., Broccatelli, M., Baldari, C., Buzzachera, C. F., Goss, F. L., & Utter, A. C. (2011). validation of the italian version of the OMNI scale of perceived exertion in a sample of italian-speaking adults. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 112, 201-10.
Haddad, M., Chaouachi, A., Castagna, C., Hue, O., Wong, DP., & Tabben, M. (2013). validity and psychometric evaluation of the French version of RPE scale in young fit males when monitoring training loads. Science & Sports, 8, 29-35.
Hassan, S. H., Subhan Beg, M. F., & Ali Sheikh, S. (2007). usefulness of modified BORG scale for dyspnoea in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and asthma in a rural population of Karachi, 13, 152-63.
Hasselstrøm, H., Hansen, S. E., Froberg, K., & Andersen, L. B. (2002). Physical fitness and physical activity during adolescence as predictors of cardiovascular disease risk in young adulthood. Danish Youth and Sports Study. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 1, 27-31.
Irene Flynn, J. (2011). The association of genotype, and the gene physical activity interaction effect on aerobic fitness in prepubertal, African American, obese childre. MSc Thesis, the University of Tennessee.
Leung, R. W., & Chung, P. K. (2004). Validity and reliability of a Cantonese-translated rating of perceived exertion scale among Hong Kong adults. Percept Motor Skills, 98, 725–35.
Marinov, B., Mandadjieva, S., & Kostianev, S. (2008). Pictorial and verbal categoryratio scales for effort estimation in children. Child: Care, Health and Development, 34, 35-43.
Noble, B. J., & Robertson, R. J. (1996). Perceived exertion. champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Parfitt, G., Shepherd, P., & Eston, R. G. (2007). Reliability of effort production using the children’s CALER and BABE perceived exertion scales. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 5, 49–55.
Pfeiffer, K. A., Pivarnik, J. M., Womack, C. J., Reeves, M. J., & Malina, R. M. (2002). Reliability and validity of the Borg and OMNI rating of perceived exertion scales in adolescent girls. Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise, 34, 2057–2061.
Pitetti, K. H., Fernhall, B., & Figoni, S. (2002). Comparing two regression formulas that predict VO2Peak using
the 20 M shuttle run for children and adolescents. Pediatric Exercise Science, 14, 125-34.
Robertson, R. J., Goss, F. L., Boer, N. F., Peoples, J. A., Foreman, A. J., & Dabayebeh, I. M. (2000). Children's OMNI scale of perceived exertion: mixed gender and race validation. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32, 452-8.
Robertson, R. J., Goss, F. L., Dube, J., Rutkowski, J., Dupain, M., & Brennan, C. (2004). Validation of the adult OMNI scale of perceived exertion for cycle ergometer exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36, 102-8.
Robertson, R. J., Goss, F. L., Andreacci, J. L., Dube, J. J., Rutkowski, J. J., & Snee, B. M. (2005). Validation of the children's OMNI RPE scale for stepping exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 37, 290-8.
Rodrl guez, M., & Antoñan, C. (2015). Validity of the session rating of perceived exertion for monitoring exercise demands in youth soccer players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10, 404-407.
Roemmich, J. N., Barkley, J. E., Epstein, L. H., Lobarinas, C. L., White, T. M., & Foster, J. H. (2006). Validity of PCERT and OMNI walk/run ratings of perceived exertion. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 38, 1014-9.
Tanaka, H., Monahan, K. D., & Seals, D. R. (2001). Age – predicted maximal heart rate revisited. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 37(1), 153-6.
Utter, A. C., Robertson, R. J., Nieman, D. C., & Kang, J. (2002). Children’s OMNI scale of perceived exertion: walking/ running evaluation. Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise, 34, 139–144.
Utter, AC., Robertson, RJ., Green, JM., Suminski, RR., McAnulty, SR., & Nieman, DC. (2004). Validation of the Adult OMNI Scale of perceived exertion for walking/running exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36, 1776-80.
Williams, J. G., Eston, R., & Furlong, B. (1994). CERT: a perceived exertion scale for young children. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 79, 1451–1458.
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