Niloofar Rezaee; Farhad Rahmani-Nia; Maryam Delfan; Reza Ghahremani
Abstract
Background and Aim: Hyperglycemia occurring in the diabetic condition can cause apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway with higher cell death protein expression. Probiotics are viable microorganisms which confer health benefits to the host and have anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects. Also, there ...
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Background and Aim: Hyperglycemia occurring in the diabetic condition can cause apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway with higher cell death protein expression. Probiotics are viable microorganisms which confer health benefits to the host and have anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects. Also, there are some evidences that exercise may affect the signaling pathways of skeletal muscle apoptosis. The aim of this study was to examine the aerobic exercise training and probiotic supplementation effects on blood glucose levels and caspase-3 gene expression of the soleus muscle in diabetic rats-induced by streptozotocin. Materials and Methods: 40male Wistar rats (weight: 250-270 gr; age: eight weeks) were selected and divided into five groups: control+normal (N), control+diabetic (CD), diabetic+probiotics (SCD), diabetic+aerobic training (TD), and TD+probiotics (STD). Rats were made diabetic using streptozotocin (45 mg/kg). The rats in the training groups aerobically exercised using a treadmill at intensity of 60-65% of maximum speed for five weeks and five days per week and received probiotics (2 gr) in drinking tap water (supplemented groups). 48 hours after the last training session, the animals were sacrificed, then the soleus muscle was dissected to evaluate the gene expression of caspase-3 (using the Real Time PCR) and plasma glucose (by the glucose oxidase method). T-test, one-way ANOVA and Scheffe’s post hoc tests were applied for statistical analysis at significance level of p≤0.05. Results: The results indicated that fasting blood sugar was significantly lower in the TD+probiotics group compared to the other groups (p=0.008). On the other hand, gene expression of caspase-3 was a significantly decreased in diabetic+aerobic training and TD+probiotics (p=0.01) groups. Conclusion: It appears that aerobic exercise training with the use of probiotics prevents apoptosis in the muscle with the down-regulation of blood glucose.
Leila Dehghankar; Mandana Gholami; Farshad Ghazalian
Abstract
Background and Aim: Despite the investigation on anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training, the simultaneous effect of exercise training and Zataria Multiflora supplement on inflammatory factors is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the effects of 8 weeks of combined exercise ...
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Background and Aim: Despite the investigation on anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training, the simultaneous effect of exercise training and Zataria Multiflora supplement on inflammatory factors is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the effects of 8 weeks of combined exercise training along with Zataria Multiflora supplement ingestion on serum levels of monocyte chmoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) and insulin resistance in overweight men. Materials and Methods: Forty overweight men with average age of 29.35±2.99 years and body mass index 27.66±1.2 kg/m2 assigned into 4 equal groups including placebo, Zataria Multiflora, training and training+Zataria Multiflora groups. Combined training program (resistance-aerobic) performed for 8 weeks/ in 3 sessions per week. Resistance training program consist of 6 exercises up to 75-80 percent of one-repetition maximum. Moreover, aerobic training program consists of 10-20 minutes running up to 70-75 percent of maximum heart rate. Moreover, Zataria Multiflora and training+Zataria Multiflora groups ingested daily 500 mg Zataria Multiflora capsule. MCP-1 and insulin levels measured by Elisa method and data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance test and Bonferroni post hoc test at significance level of pResults: Both MCP-1 and insulin resistance variables significantly decreased in both training (p < 0.001) and training+ Zataria Multiflora (p < 0.001) groups, while this variation was greater in training+Zataria Multiflora group (p < 0.05). In addition, only insulin resistance significantly decreased in Zataria Multiflora group compared to placebo group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: It seems that exercise training (consist of resistance and aerobic training) with combination of Zataria Multiflora have a positive synergic effect for overweight subjects that it caused by modulating of the inflammatory markers such as MCP-1 and reduction of insulin resistance.
