Pouya Damavandi; Farhad Rahmani-nia; Bahman Mirzaei
Abstract
Background and Aim: Combined resistance training is a method that integrates high-intensity resistance training with plyometric exercises. This method is sometimes implemented in two forms: contrast and complex training. The current study aimed to examine the effects of combined resistance training (contrast ...
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Background and Aim: Combined resistance training is a method that integrates high-intensity resistance training with plyometric exercises. This method is sometimes implemented in two forms: contrast and complex training. The current study aimed to examine the effects of combined resistance training (contrast and complex) on testosterone, cortisol, lactate levels, and the jumping profile of male basketball players. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six male basketball players, aged 18 to 23 years, participated in this study. The participants were randomly assigned to one of three resistance training groups: contrast, complex, and control. They engaged in resistance training combined with plyometric exercises using either the contrast or complex methods for six weeks, with two sessions per week. Before and after the intervention, the following measurements were taken: vertical jump test (jump profile), 60-second repeated vertical jump test (lactate), resting serum testosterone and cortisol levels. The data were analyzed using a covariance and Bonferroni test at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Results: The complex and contrast training groups had significant improvements in peak power (p=0.013 and p=0.007), peak jump velocity (p=0.001 and p=0.032), jump height (p=0.001 and p=0.012), serum testosterone (p=0.001), and serum cortisol (p=0.014 and p=0.011) compared to the control group. Lactate levels also showed a significant decrease following the repeated vertical jumps test in the complex (p=0.003) and contrast (p=0.005) groups compared to the control group. Conclusion: Both contrast and complex resistance training effectively enhance athletic performance and optimize jump profile variables, along with testosterone and cortisol hormone levels in basketball players. Moreover, neither training method was found to be superior to the other.
Arezoo Eskandari Shahrabi; Hamid Agha Alinejad; Reza Gharakhanlo; Mohammad Fashi
Abstract
Background and Aim: Exercise in warm weather can lead to a change in stress hormones and immune factors as compare to normal conditions. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a bout of resistance exercise in a warm weather on Immune and hormonal responses. Materials and Methods: Eight ...
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Background and Aim: Exercise in warm weather can lead to a change in stress hormones and immune factors as compare to normal conditions. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a bout of resistance exercise in a warm weather on Immune and hormonal responses. Materials and Methods: Eight male students with an average of 27±2 years participated in this study. The exercise program was performed for two conditions, at the first week it done in a normal temperature (20° C) and then it performed in a warm temperature (35°C) in the following week. Blood samples were taken one hour before, immediately after and one hour after of about a resistance exercise including 10 repetition, 3 sets up to 70 percent of 1 repetition moximum. In both environments, body temperature was measured from the axillary area. The serum concentration of Interleukin-15 (IL-15), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), testosterone and cortisol were measured by ELISA method. The ANOVA test for repeated measures and Bonferoni tests were applied for reslts extraction. Results: Resistance training in warm wether significantly increased the cortisol (p=0.04), HSP70 (p= 0.007), IL-15 (p=0.03), and testosterone (p=0.02) values. Conclusion: Assuming that cortisol elevation due to warm condition induce IL-15 suppression and IL-15 dropping limit muscle hypertrophy; it can be suggested that a bout of resistance exercise in a warm weather colud attenuate exercise –induced hypertrophy .
Sadollah Salarmohammadi; Mehdi Mogharnasi; Hamid Marefati; Soheil Aminizadeh; Mahnaz Hajghani
Abstract
Background and Aim: Cardiac rehabilitation is a new approach in various ways to increase performance and efficiency of patient. This study examined the effect of 12 weeks of endurance training with testosterone injections on Chemerin and Apelin levels in the process of rehabilitation in male adult rats ...
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Background and Aim: Cardiac rehabilitation is a new approach in various ways to increase performance and efficiency of patient. This study examined the effect of 12 weeks of endurance training with testosterone injections on Chemerin and Apelin levels in the process of rehabilitation in male adult rats with ischemic heart disease. Materials and Methods: 40 Wistar male rats (average weight 200 ± 10 g and 8 weeks old) were randomly divided into four groups (n=10) and stored in a controlled environment : 1) control group (C), 2) injection of testosterone propionate group ( TP), 3) endurance training group (ET) and 4) Endurance Training with injections of testosterone Propionate (ETTP) . Endurance training group exercised for 12 weeks (5 days/week) and testosterone propionate group were given Testosterone propionate injections (3 times/week). Isoproterenol (50 mg/kg) was dissolved in normal saline and was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) during two days within 24 hours in order to create empirical myocardial infarction. After 12 weeks, rats anesthetized with sodium thiopental (50 mg/kg) and blood samples were taken and chemerin and apelin levels were measured by using ELISA method and data analysis was done using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc LSD tests. Results: The results revealed a significant reduction in the amount Chemerin in endurance training (p=0.008), injected testosterone (p=0.03) and endurance training with testosterone injections (p=0.01) knows shown and the significant increase significant amounts of apelin in endurance training (p=0.001), injected testosterone (p=0.001) and endurance training with testosterone injections (p=0.001) was observed. Conclusion: This study shows that injection of testosterone and endurance training in the process of rehabilitation is feasible and can have a positive effect on cardiovascular health.
Mohammadali Samavati Sharif; Amir Afshari; Hojatolah Siavoshy; Maryam Keshvary
Abstract
Background and Aim: The aim of exercise training is the cellular level amenities and development of athletic performance. Although, increase of workout intensity more than of physiological capabilities of athletes, will lead to overtraining syndrome. In this regard, this study investigated two training ...
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Background and Aim: The aim of exercise training is the cellular level amenities and development of athletic performance. Although, increase of workout intensity more than of physiological capabilities of athletes, will lead to overtraining syndrome. In this regard, this study investigated two training methods on some of immune system biomarkers in young athletes. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 45 adolescent athletes that were randomly divided into three groups of strength, speed, and control. The exercise groups were performed one of the strength or speed training for 8 weeks, three times a week, and 90 minutes per session. Research variables (cortisol, testosterone, and white blood cell count) were measured at baseline and 48 hours after the last training session. Data were analyzed by paired sample t-test for within group different and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for between group different (p<0.05). Results: The results showed that eight weeks of strength (p=0.02) and speed (p=0.004) training, significantly decreased cortisol and testosterone concentrations. But, testosterone concentration significantly increased only in strength training. Moreover, the identification of the variance in exercise and control groups showed no significant difference (p>0.05). The within group results showed that free testosterone/cortisol ratio significantly increased in all three groups (p<0.05). But, in between group no significant difference was showed in all three groups. Strength and speed training significantly increased lymphocytes in both groups (p=0.001), monocytes in speed group (p=0.001), and eosinophil in strength group (p=0.05). Also, neutrophils significantly reduced in strength (p=0.03) and speed (p=0.01) training. The variance analysis of exercise and control groups also showed that the neutrophils and lymphocytes were significantly difference (p=0.05). Conclusion: The changes in biomarkers of immune system showed that both of this exercise training (strength & speed) can be useful for immune system and anabolic adaptations.
