Ramtin Sabet; Mohammad Fashi
Abstract
Background and Aim: During the plateau stage of resistance training, in order to cross this stage, it is necessary to manipulate training variables and apply advanced training techniques. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of sarcoplasmic stimulation and traditional ...
Read More
Background and Aim: During the plateau stage of resistance training, in order to cross this stage, it is necessary to manipulate training variables and apply advanced training techniques. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of sarcoplasmic stimulation and traditional resistance training on muscle thickness, plasma volume, and testosterone to cortisol ratio in bodybuilders during a plateau period. Materials and Methods: A crossover design was conducted with 10 bodybuilding athletes (26.71±4.1 years, 3.5±1.6 years of training experience) participating in two traditional and sarcoplasmic stimulation protocols over an interval of seven days. During the traditional protocol, eight sets were performed at an intensity of 70-80% of one repetition maximum until failure. As the same, for the sarcoplasmic stimulation protocol, six reduction sets were performed (three sets of 70-80%, three sets with a 20% load reduction and one set of isometrics until failure). Buresh formula was used to measure acute muscle thickness of the biceps muscle, Castille’s equation was used to measure changes in plasma volume, and blood samples were taken to determine testosterone and cortisol levels. The difference between the pre-test and post-test values of each variable was determined and the changes were analyzed using the paired t-test at the significance level of p<0.05. Results: The results of the present research showed that the resistance training system with sarcoplasmic stimulation showed significant increase on the acute thickness of the biceps muscle compared to traditional resistance training (p=0.03). However, no significant difference was observed between the two protocols (p<0.05) based on the hormonal response of testosterone and cortisol and changes in plasma volume. Conclusion: In trained individuals, the use of the sarcoplasmic stimulation system appears to be an effective method for passing the plateau stage, despite the lower training volume, it involves more metabolic stress and acute swelling than traditional training.
Mohammad Yosefi; Mohammad Fashi; Afshar Jafari
Abstract
Background and Aim: Increasing active muscle oxygen availability can affect exercise performance, therefore the oxygen supplementation can be considered as important factor. This study aimed to investigate the acute effect of oxygen inhalation before karate competition on buffering capacity recovery ...
Read More
Background and Aim: Increasing active muscle oxygen availability can affect exercise performance, therefore the oxygen supplementation can be considered as important factor. This study aimed to investigate the acute effect of oxygen inhalation before karate competition on buffering capacity recovery and performance of male professional karate. Materials and Methods: Eight national karate athletes with weight categories 75 (BMI: 23.45±1.24 kg/m2) and 85 (BMI: 25.93 ± 1.97 kg/m2) Kg participated in this study as a double-blind cross design and further divided into two groups of oxygen (10 minutes, 40% of oxygen concentration,10 liters per minute) and natural (mask attached to a normal air cylinder). Thirty minutes before, immediately and 20 minutes after the three-minute competition, venous blood sampling was obtained and lactate was measured enzymatically by Kubas Mira autoanalyzer. Moreover, the acidity (PH), oxygen saturation (O2-SAT), pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) and bicarbonate (HCO3- ) were analyzed by blood gas analyzer. Heart rate and the number of strokes were also measured to assess performance. Repeated measures two way- ANOVA and LSD test was used to analyze the data at p≤0.05 level. Results: The result indicated significantly lower reduction of lactate and higher amount of HCO3- in the oxygen than to non-oxygen group during the three evaluation times (p=0.001). Moreover, higher acidity, lower PCO2 and O2-SAT, as well as lower average heart rate were observed in the oxygen than to non-oxygen group but it wasn’t significant (p0.05<) Oxygen inhalation significantly improved hand and foot stroke performance in the oxygen compared to non-oxygen group (p=0.004). Conclusion: Acute inhalation of oxygen before karate competition does not seem to have a significant effect on the buffer capacity recovery of karate athletes, although it could improves athlete performance in the same competition.
Arezoo Eskandari Shahrabi; Hamid Agha Alinejad; Reza Gharakhanlo; Mohammad Fashi
Abstract
Background and Aim: Exercise in warm weather can lead to a change in stress hormones and immune factors as compare to normal conditions. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a bout of resistance exercise in a warm weather on Immune and hormonal responses. Materials and Methods: Eight ...
Read More
Background and Aim: Exercise in warm weather can lead to a change in stress hormones and immune factors as compare to normal conditions. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a bout of resistance exercise in a warm weather on Immune and hormonal responses. Materials and Methods: Eight male students with an average of 27±2 years participated in this study. The exercise program was performed for two conditions, at the first week it done in a normal temperature (20° C) and then it performed in a warm temperature (35°C) in the following week. Blood samples were taken one hour before, immediately after and one hour after of about a resistance exercise including 10 repetition, 3 sets up to 70 percent of 1 repetition moximum. In both environments, body temperature was measured from the axillary area. The serum concentration of Interleukin-15 (IL-15), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), testosterone and cortisol were measured by ELISA method. The ANOVA test for repeated measures and Bonferoni tests were applied for reslts extraction. Results: Resistance training in warm wether significantly increased the cortisol (p=0.04), HSP70 (p= 0.007), IL-15 (p=0.03), and testosterone (p=0.02) values. Conclusion: Assuming that cortisol elevation due to warm condition induce IL-15 suppression and IL-15 dropping limit muscle hypertrophy; it can be suggested that a bout of resistance exercise in a warm weather colud attenuate exercise –induced hypertrophy .
