University of Birjand Journal of Practical Studies of Biosciences in Sport 2383-0182 1 1 2013 05 22 The effect of eight weeks endurance training at different durations on plasma heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) level in male rats The effect of eight weeks endurance training at different durations on plasma heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) level in male rats 9 19 42 10.22077/jpsbs.2013.42 FA Saeed Mirzaei Ziya Fallah Mohammadi Ali Yaghoubi Journal Article 2013 03 13 Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks endurance training at different durations on plasma heat shock protein 27 in male rats. Materials and Methods: Forty adult Wistar male rats (eight weeks old, 189 ± 10g weight) were used for this study. Animals were divided into 4 groups including control, 30 min/session training, 60 min/session, and 90 min/session training groups. The training was included of treadmill exercise at 20 m/min (0% grade) in five days/week for eight weeks. Subjects were sacrificed 72 h after the last session of exercise for measurement of heat shock protein 27 levels in the plasma. Heat shock protein 27 content in the plasma was determined with EIA kit and ELISA system data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and LSD at P≤0/05. Results: Findings showed that plasma concentrations of heat shock protein 27 were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in 60 min/session training group. Conclusion: This study show that chronic mild-duration exercise could yield to greater levels in heat shock protein 27 plasma concentrations compared to the less or more durations. Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks endurance training at different durations on plasma heat shock protein 27 in male rats. Materials and Methods: Forty adult Wistar male rats (eight weeks old, 189 ± 10g weight) were used for this study. Animals were divided into 4 groups including control, 30 min/session training, 60 min/session, and 90 min/session training groups. The training was included of treadmill exercise at 20 m/min (0% grade) in five days/week for eight weeks. Subjects were sacrificed 72 h after the last session of exercise for measurement of heat shock protein 27 levels in the plasma. Heat shock protein 27 content in the plasma was determined with EIA kit and ELISA system data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and LSD at P≤0/05. Results: Findings showed that plasma concentrations of heat shock protein 27 were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in 60 min/session training group. Conclusion: This study show that chronic mild-duration exercise could yield to greater levels in heat shock protein 27 plasma concentrations compared to the less or more durations.

https://jpsbs.birjand.ac.ir/article_42_931abbcbd972be13fde79de4ccc9d4af.pdf

University of Birjand Journal of Practical Studies of Biosciences in Sport 2383-0182 1 1 2013 05 22 The effect of a short term soccer specific training on aerobic fitness and muscle injury of soccer players The effect of a short term soccer specific training on aerobic fitness and muscle injury of soccer players 20 33 43 10.22077/jpsbs.2013.43 FA Nima Gharahdaghi Mohammad Reza Kordi Abbas Ali Gaeini Journal Article 2013 01 13 Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to assess four weeks of high intensity aerobic interval training on aerobic performance in soccer players. Materials and Methods: 18 soccer players (weight: 67.77±5.7 kg, height: 174.22±5.33 cm, age: 21.88±2.24 years, percent body fat: 12.38±3.29 percent) were experienced in Azadegan competitions randomized and divided into two groups (training: 12 players, control: 6 players). Four weeks of high intensity aerobic interval training was performed three times a week at the end of the soccer training sessions. Training intervention consisted of interval training, comprising four bouts of four minutes work periods dribbling a soccer ball. Working intensity was at 90–95% of each player’s HRmax, with work periods separated by 3 min of jogging at 70% of HRmax. The values obtained before and after the training period were compared using Student’s paired and un-paired t –test and ANOVA Repeated Measure test. Results: The results showed that a 4 week training period caused a little increases in the VO2max and Tmax, but hematocrit and hemoglobin did not changed significantly. However, creatin phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase decreased significantly after training protocol. Conclusion: It is concluded that four weeks of high intensity aerobic interval training significantly affect muscular damage characteristics in soccer players. Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to assess four weeks of high intensity aerobic interval training on aerobic performance in soccer players. Materials and Methods: 18 soccer players (weight: 67.77±5.7 kg, height: 174.22±5.33 cm, age: 21.88±2.24 years, percent body fat: 12.38±3.29 percent) were experienced in Azadegan competitions randomized and divided into two groups (training: 12 players, control: 6 players). Four weeks of high intensity aerobic interval training was performed three times a week at the end of the soccer training sessions. Training intervention consisted of interval training, comprising four bouts of four minutes work periods dribbling a soccer ball. Working intensity was at 90–95% of each player’s HRmax, with work periods separated by 3 min of jogging at 70% of HRmax. The values obtained before and after the training period were compared using Student’s paired and un-paired t –test and ANOVA Repeated Measure test. Results: The results showed that a 4 week training period caused a little increases in the VO2max and Tmax, but hematocrit and hemoglobin did not changed significantly. However, creatin phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase decreased significantly after training protocol. Conclusion: It is concluded that four weeks of high intensity aerobic interval training significantly affect muscular damage characteristics in soccer players.

https://jpsbs.birjand.ac.ir/article_43_95db6432c38cd049c3e0d47307ae7fab.pdf

University of Birjand Journal of Practical Studies of Biosciences in Sport 2383-0182 1 1 2013 05 22 The effect of continuous treadmill exercise on heat shock protein 72 and total antioxidant capacity level in the plasma of streptozotocin_induced diabetic rats The effect of continuous treadmill exercise on heat shock protein 72 and total antioxidant capacity level in the plasma of streptozotocin_induced diabetic rats 34 43 44 10.22077/jpsbs.2013.44 FA Ali Yaghoubi Ziya Fallah Mohammadi Hossein Taheri Chador Neshin Rozita Fathi Journal Article 2013 02 23 Background and Aim: HSP72 and TAC are two factors from internal defense of body. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acute treadmill exercise on HSP72 in the plasma of diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Forty male rats weight 165±1 were assigned randomly into 4 groups: diabetic control group, and 3 diabetic+acute training groups, (included groups 1and 2, and 3 that were killed 30 minute, 4 hours and 24 hours postexercise respectively). Diabetes was induced with injecting streptozotocin (dissolved in 0.1 M citrate buffer, pH 4.5) into the abdominal cavity. Rats were subjected to treadmill exercise, and the speed of the treadmill was 10 m/min, and then gradually increased until 18 m/min (grade 0%). The duration of the treadmill exercise was 60 minutes. For determination of HSP72 and TAC values, respectively sandwich Elisa and decolorization were used. Results: Acute exercise training increased the plasma HSP72 in the groups 2 and 3, but in group 1 no significant changes took place. HSP72 levels significantly increased in the group 2 (P=0.03) and 3 in compared with groups 1 and 2 (P=0.001 and P=0.005 respectively). Increase in TAC levels only in group 3 compared to control group was significant (P=0.03). Conclusion: These results show that acute treadmill exercise improved HSP72 levels and TAC in diabetic’s subjects and have benefit effects. Therefore probably acute exercise treadmill could recommend as a therapeutic strategy for diabetes. Background and Aim: HSP72 and TAC are two factors from internal defense of body. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acute treadmill exercise on HSP72 in the plasma of diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Forty male rats weight 165±1 were assigned randomly into 4 groups: diabetic control group, and 3 diabetic+acute training groups, (included groups 1and 2, and 3 that were killed 30 minute, 4 hours and 24 hours postexercise respectively). Diabetes was induced with injecting streptozotocin (dissolved in 0.1 M citrate buffer, pH 4.5) into the abdominal cavity. Rats were subjected to treadmill exercise, and the speed of the treadmill was 10 m/min, and then gradually increased until 18 m/min (grade 0%). The duration of the treadmill exercise was 60 minutes. For determination of HSP72 and TAC values, respectively sandwich Elisa and decolorization were used. Results: Acute exercise training increased the plasma HSP72 in the groups 2 and 3, but in group 1 no significant changes took place. HSP72 levels significantly increased in the group 2 (P=0.03) and 3 in compared with groups 1 and 2 (P=0.001 and P=0.005 respectively). Increase in TAC levels only in group 3 compared to control group was significant (P=0.03). Conclusion: These results show that acute treadmill exercise improved HSP72 levels and TAC in diabetic’s subjects and have benefit effects. Therefore probably acute exercise treadmill could recommend as a therapeutic strategy for diabetes.

https://jpsbs.birjand.ac.ir/article_44_41df5019a69735e58ec096be21fd3434.pdf

University of Birjand Journal of Practical Studies of Biosciences in Sport 2383-0182 1 1 2013 05 22 The comparison of the bone mineral density and content between dominant & nondominant limb in elite males Karate practitioners of southern Khorasan The comparison of the bone mineral density and content between dominant & nondominant limb in elite males Karate practitioners of southern Khorasan 44 57 45 10.22077/jpsbs.2013.45 FA Mohammad Esmaeil Afzalpour 0000-0001-6468-8498 Rasool Kaviani Najafabadi Ali Reza Ehsanbakhsh Journal Article 2013 03 11 Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to comparison of the bone mineral density and content between dominant & nondominant limb in elite males Karate practitioners of southern Khorasan. Materials and Methods: Participants were 27 Karate practitioners (age 23.6±2.23 yr.) with minimally 5 years experience in karate sport, play in the national team level, healthy state, and normal diet. The bone mineral density and content in thigh bone (neck, trochanteric and proximal) and forearm area (two third of distal of ulna & radius, and carpal bones) measured By DEXA method. It is applied the independent-samples T test for extraction of results and significant differences where p≤0.05. Results: Result showed that bone mineral density and content of the forearm area in dominant hand was significantly higher (p=0.001 & p=0.05 respectively) than nondaminant hand of Karate practitioners. In addition, the thigh bone mineral density of nondominant leg in karate practitioners was significantly higher (p=0.03) than dominant leg. Conclusion: Present results suggest that Karate sport can efficiently improve bone condition; but in comparison of two sides of body, it seem that forearm area of dominant hand and thigh area of nondominant leg of Karate practitioners have a better bone mineral density or content than to opposite sides due to more mechanical stresses and more utilization of one side of the body. Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to comparison of the bone mineral density and content between dominant & nondominant limb in elite males Karate practitioners of southern Khorasan. Materials and Methods: Participants were 27 Karate practitioners (age 23.6±2.23 yr.) with minimally 5 years experience in karate sport, play in the national team level, healthy state, and normal diet. The bone mineral density and content in thigh bone (neck, trochanteric and proximal) and forearm area (two third of distal of ulna & radius, and carpal bones) measured By DEXA method. It is applied the independent-samples T test for extraction of results and significant differences where p≤0.05. Results: Result showed that bone mineral density and content of the forearm area in dominant hand was significantly higher (p=0.001 & p=0.05 respectively) than nondaminant hand of Karate practitioners. In addition, the thigh bone mineral density of nondominant leg in karate practitioners was significantly higher (p=0.03) than dominant leg. Conclusion: Present results suggest that Karate sport can efficiently improve bone condition; but in comparison of two sides of body, it seem that forearm area of dominant hand and thigh area of nondominant leg of Karate practitioners have a better bone mineral density or content than to opposite sides due to more mechanical stresses and more utilization of one side of the body.

https://jpsbs.birjand.ac.ir/article_45_9e22971d0de8bd37f44a795e86726154.pdf

University of Birjand Journal of Practical Studies of Biosciences in Sport 2383-0182 1 1 2013 05 22 Effect of single session of competition like specific exercise on hematological indices in members of Iranian national aerobic gymnastics team Effect of single session of competition like specific exercise on hematological indices in members of Iranian national aerobic gymnastics team 58 69 46 10.22077/jpsbs.2013.46 FA Hamid Arazi Siavash Rahmati Maryam Pahlevanzadeh Journal Article 2013 03 13 Background and Aim: Exercise can influence hematological parameters related to performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the acute effect of single session of competition like specific exercise on hematological indices in members of Iranian national aerobic gymnastics team. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, seven male members of Iranian national aerobic gymnastics team (mean age 22.78 ± 1.72 years; weight, 68.50 ± 3.50kg; height, 172.50 ± 4.07 cm) voluntarily participated. The exercise session was about 32 min consisting of 10 min of general warm-up, 1 min and 45 seconds of specific group exercises with music, 10 min of specific warm-up, 6 min of reviewing the exercises, 4 min of relaxation and meditation, and 1 min and 45 seconds of the main competition at the end. 10 ml blood samples pre and post exercise were taken from arm vena. To examine changes in the hematological variables, dependent t-test was used at PResults: Significant increases were found in platelet percent (p=0.02), blood cell count (p=0.01) and lymphocyte count (p=0.001); while other hematological parameters did not change significantly (p>0.05) after a session of competition like specific exercise. Conclusions: Based on many unchanged hematologic parameters in this study, it seems that details of exercise training program don’t disturb hematological factors induced by exercise mode in aerobic gymnastic athletes. Background and Aim: Exercise can influence hematological parameters related to performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the acute effect of single session of competition like specific exercise on hematological indices in members of Iranian national aerobic gymnastics team. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, seven male members of Iranian national aerobic gymnastics team (mean age 22.78 ± 1.72 years; weight, 68.50 ± 3.50kg; height, 172.50 ± 4.07 cm) voluntarily participated. The exercise session was about 32 min consisting of 10 min of general warm-up, 1 min and 45 seconds of specific group exercises with music, 10 min of specific warm-up, 6 min of reviewing the exercises, 4 min of relaxation and meditation, and 1 min and 45 seconds of the main competition at the end. 10 ml blood samples pre and post exercise were taken from arm vena. To examine changes in the hematological variables, dependent t-test was used at PResults: Significant increases were found in platelet percent (p=0.02), blood cell count (p=0.01) and lymphocyte count (p=0.001); while other hematological parameters did not change significantly (p>0.05) after a session of competition like specific exercise. Conclusions: Based on many unchanged hematologic parameters in this study, it seems that details of exercise training program don’t disturb hematological factors induced by exercise mode in aerobic gymnastic athletes.

https://jpsbs.birjand.ac.ir/article_46_1d25ff7727448872857af8d42ea2d553.pdf

University of Birjand Journal of Practical Studies of Biosciences in Sport 2383-0182 1 1 2013 05 22 The effects of 4 weeks plyometric training and omega 3 supplementation on serum brain derived neurotrophic factor and C- reactive protein in active men The effects of 4 weeks plyometric training and omega 3 supplementation on serum brain derived neurotrophic factor and C- reactive protein in active men 70 82 47 10.22077/jpsbs.2013.47 FA Ziya Fallah Mohammadi Hossein Nazari Journal Article 2013 01 27 Background and Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of 4 weeks plyometric training and omega 3 supplementation on serum brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and C reactive protein (CRP) concentration in active men. Materials and Methods: 28 physical education students randomly divided into four groups including control (n=7), omega 3 (n=7), training (n=7), and training+ omega 3 (n=7) groups. The training and training+ omega 3 groups performed 4 weeks of selected plyometric training. Also supplementary and combination groups consumed 2000 mg omega 3 daily for 4 weeks. Blood samples were taken in fasting state before and after training in order to measurement of BDNF and CRP. Moreover, BDNF and CRP were measured using ELISA and immunoturbidimetric assay respectively. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient and significant level was considered if pResults: Four weeks of plyometric training along with omega 3 supplementation increased serum BDNF concentration of active men significantly (P<0.04), but this treatment didn’t change CRP significantly (P<0.53). Also BDNF and CRP levels did not show any significant correlation (p<0.05). Conclusion: Plyometric training along with omega 3 supplementation can increase serum level of BDNF, suggesting that performed training protocol has positive effects on brain health. But BDNF and CRP as inflammatory markers had no significant relationship. So, more studies on the therapeutic and protective effects of BDNF against inflammation are required. Background and Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of 4 weeks plyometric training and omega 3 supplementation on serum brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and C reactive protein (CRP) concentration in active men. Materials and Methods: 28 physical education students randomly divided into four groups including control (n=7), omega 3 (n=7), training (n=7), and training+ omega 3 (n=7) groups. The training and training+ omega 3 groups performed 4 weeks of selected plyometric training. Also supplementary and combination groups consumed 2000 mg omega 3 daily for 4 weeks. Blood samples were taken in fasting state before and after training in order to measurement of BDNF and CRP. Moreover, BDNF and CRP were measured using ELISA and immunoturbidimetric assay respectively. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient and significant level was considered if pResults: Four weeks of plyometric training along with omega 3 supplementation increased serum BDNF concentration of active men significantly (P<0.04), but this treatment didn’t change CRP significantly (P<0.53). Also BDNF and CRP levels did not show any significant correlation (p<0.05). Conclusion: Plyometric training along with omega 3 supplementation can increase serum level of BDNF, suggesting that performed training protocol has positive effects on brain health. But BDNF and CRP as inflammatory markers had no significant relationship. So, more studies on the therapeutic and protective effects of BDNF against inflammation are required.

https://jpsbs.birjand.ac.ir/article_47_e7af7a7097a3061b18ff6ecb0ca690ac.pdf

University of Birjand Journal of Practical Studies of Biosciences in Sport 2383-0182 1 1 2013 05 22 Muscle architectural parameters of different arm muscles sites in table tennis players Muscle architectural parameters of different arm muscles sites in table tennis players 83 90 48 10.22077/jpsbs.2013.48 FA Ali Reza Nasirzade Saeed Ilbeigi 0000-0001-9926-8936 Ali Reza Ehsanbakhsh Marziyeh Saghebjoo Journal Article 2012 11 21 Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the muscle architectural parameters such as muscle thickness, pennation angle and fascicle length of the biceps, brachii, and triceps brachii (long head) muscles in table tennis players. Materials and Methods: 16 table tennis players and 10 inactive individuals participated in the study, with no significant differences for their age, height, weight, and arm length parameters. Muscle thickness and pennation angle in 50%, 60% and 70% of arm length sites was measured and fascicle length was estimated by B-mode ultrasonography images. Results: The results indicated significantly greater muscle thickness for biceps brachii only in 60% and 70% sites in table tennis players. They also showed significantly greater muscle thickness, lesser pennation angle, and greater fascicle length in all sites of triceps brachii. Conclusion: It seems that muscle architectural parameters developed in table tennis players arm muscles to help them to perform their high speed movements. However, muscle thickness of biceps brachii and triceps brachii at different arm sites showed dissimilar adaptations. Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the muscle architectural parameters such as muscle thickness, pennation angle and fascicle length of the biceps, brachii, and triceps brachii (long head) muscles in table tennis players. Materials and Methods: 16 table tennis players and 10 inactive individuals participated in the study, with no significant differences for their age, height, weight, and arm length parameters. Muscle thickness and pennation angle in 50%, 60% and 70% of arm length sites was measured and fascicle length was estimated by B-mode ultrasonography images. Results: The results indicated significantly greater muscle thickness for biceps brachii only in 60% and 70% sites in table tennis players. They also showed significantly greater muscle thickness, lesser pennation angle, and greater fascicle length in all sites of triceps brachii. Conclusion: It seems that muscle architectural parameters developed in table tennis players arm muscles to help them to perform their high speed movements. However, muscle thickness of biceps brachii and triceps brachii at different arm sites showed dissimilar adaptations.

https://jpsbs.birjand.ac.ir/article_48_17dc028814913476cc7ae36ba5bf898e.pdf