Pouya Damavandi; Farhad Rahmani-nia; Bahman Mirzaei
Abstract
Background and Aim: Combined resistance training is a method that integrates high-intensity resistance training with plyometric exercises. This method is sometimes implemented in two forms: contrast and complex training. The current study aimed to examine the effects of combined resistance training (contrast ...
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Background and Aim: Combined resistance training is a method that integrates high-intensity resistance training with plyometric exercises. This method is sometimes implemented in two forms: contrast and complex training. The current study aimed to examine the effects of combined resistance training (contrast and complex) on testosterone, cortisol, lactate levels, and the jumping profile of male basketball players. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six male basketball players, aged 18 to 23 years, participated in this study. The participants were randomly assigned to one of three resistance training groups: contrast, complex, and control. They engaged in resistance training combined with plyometric exercises using either the contrast or complex methods for six weeks, with two sessions per week. Before and after the intervention, the following measurements were taken: vertical jump test (jump profile), 60-second repeated vertical jump test (lactate), resting serum testosterone and cortisol levels. The data were analyzed using a covariance and Bonferroni test at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Results: The complex and contrast training groups had significant improvements in peak power (p=0.013 and p=0.007), peak jump velocity (p=0.001 and p=0.032), jump height (p=0.001 and p=0.012), serum testosterone (p=0.001), and serum cortisol (p=0.014 and p=0.011) compared to the control group. Lactate levels also showed a significant decrease following the repeated vertical jumps test in the complex (p=0.003) and contrast (p=0.005) groups compared to the control group. Conclusion: Both contrast and complex resistance training effectively enhance athletic performance and optimize jump profile variables, along with testosterone and cortisol hormone levels in basketball players. Moreover, neither training method was found to be superior to the other.
Amir Mohtashami; Marziyeh Saghebjoo; Farhad Rahmani-nia
Abstract
Background and Aim: Resistance training (RT) plays a major role in developing muscle mass and strength. This study aimed to compare the effect of eight weeks of modified German volume resistance training (MGVRT), high-intensity resistance training (HIRT), and non-linear resistance training (NLRT) on ...
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Background and Aim: Resistance training (RT) plays a major role in developing muscle mass and strength. This study aimed to compare the effect of eight weeks of modified German volume resistance training (MGVRT), high-intensity resistance training (HIRT), and non-linear resistance training (NLRT) on the serum levels of myostatin (Mstn), follistatin (FLS), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and muscle mass and strength in male athletes. Materials and Methods: Forty young men bodybuilders were randomly assigned into equal groups, including MGVRT, HIRT, NLRT, and control. Training protocols were performed for eight weeks (three times a week). Selected biochemical variables, muscle mass, and strength were measured before and 48 hours after the last training session. For statistical analyses the analysis of covariance, repeated-measures analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests were and significance level was set as p≤0.05. Results: The Mstn and FLS protein levels significantly decreased and increased, respectively in all three experimental groups compared with the control group. Moreover, the NF-κB level was significantly lower in the MGVRT and HIRT groups than NLRT and control groups. Furthermore, the arm and thigh circumference and muscular strength in the chest press and squat movements significantly increased in all three experimental groups as compared with the control group where the increase in arm circumference in the MGVRT group was significantly higher than in the HIRT and NLRT groups and as the same the muscular strength in the HIRT group was significantly higher than in the MGVRT and NLRT groups. Conclusion: All three RT protocols lead to improve biochemical, anthropometric, and functional indices in male athletes, but the MGVRT and HIRT protocols led to more increase in muscular hypertrophy and maximum strength, respectively. However, further studies are needed on the relationship between RT protocols with muscle mass and strength, and the biochemical parameters associated with them.
Niloofar Rezaee; Farhad Rahmani-Nia; Maryam Delfan; Reza Ghahremani
Abstract
Background and Aim: Hyperglycemia occurring in the diabetic condition can cause apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway with higher cell death protein expression. Probiotics are viable microorganisms which confer health benefits to the host and have anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects. Also, there ...
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Background and Aim: Hyperglycemia occurring in the diabetic condition can cause apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway with higher cell death protein expression. Probiotics are viable microorganisms which confer health benefits to the host and have anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects. Also, there are some evidences that exercise may affect the signaling pathways of skeletal muscle apoptosis. The aim of this study was to examine the aerobic exercise training and probiotic supplementation effects on blood glucose levels and caspase-3 gene expression of the soleus muscle in diabetic rats-induced by streptozotocin. Materials and Methods: 40male Wistar rats (weight: 250-270 gr; age: eight weeks) were selected and divided into five groups: control+normal (N), control+diabetic (CD), diabetic+probiotics (SCD), diabetic+aerobic training (TD), and TD+probiotics (STD). Rats were made diabetic using streptozotocin (45 mg/kg). The rats in the training groups aerobically exercised using a treadmill at intensity of 60-65% of maximum speed for five weeks and five days per week and received probiotics (2 gr) in drinking tap water (supplemented groups). 48 hours after the last training session, the animals were sacrificed, then the soleus muscle was dissected to evaluate the gene expression of caspase-3 (using the Real Time PCR) and plasma glucose (by the glucose oxidase method). T-test, one-way ANOVA and Scheffe’s post hoc tests were applied for statistical analysis at significance level of p≤0.05. Results: The results indicated that fasting blood sugar was significantly lower in the TD+probiotics group compared to the other groups (p=0.008). On the other hand, gene expression of caspase-3 was a significantly decreased in diabetic+aerobic training and TD+probiotics (p=0.01) groups. Conclusion: It appears that aerobic exercise training with the use of probiotics prevents apoptosis in the muscle with the down-regulation of blood glucose.
Iman khakroo Abkenar; Farhad Rahmani-nia; Giovanni Lombardi
Abstract
Background and Aim: The results of the studies showed that the intensity and volume of aerobic exercise activities can make different responses to the immune system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute and chronic effects of moderate and high intensity aerobic exercises on the signaling ...
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Background and Aim: The results of the studies showed that the intensity and volume of aerobic exercise activities can make different responses to the immune system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute and chronic effects of moderate and high intensity aerobic exercises on the signaling pathway of the inflammatory NLRP3 complex or TLR4 and some inflammatory cytokines in young men. Materials and Methods: A randomized sampling method was used in which 60 subjects were selected based on their research. They were randomly divided into two groups (40 subjects) with a mean age of 24.4 ± 0.4 years and a BMI of 23.3 ± 3.5 kg/m2 and in the control group (20 persons) with a mean age of 22.8 ± 0.55 years and BMI of 23.0 ± 4.91 kg/m2. The training protocol for the moderate group performed up to 50 - 70 and for the high group up to 70 – 90 percent of maximum heart rate respectively. Using real time-PCR method, the expression of NLRP3, TLR4 genes and using the Elisa method IL-1β and IL-18 were measured. Also repeated measure ANOVA and the LSD post hoc- test were used to analyzing data at the significant level of p < 0.05. Results: The results showed that acute aerobic exercise with moderate intensity had no significant effect on the expression of NLRP3 (p=0.20), TLR4 (p=0.80) genes and serum levels of IL-1β (p=0.15) and IL-18 (p=0.25) cytokines. While acute exercise with severity initiation of the activity of the inflammatory complex, with a significant increase in serum levels of IL-1β, IL-18 and, and expression of NLRP3 and TLR4 genes (p=0.01). Also moderate chronic aerobic exercise also significantly reduced the expression of NLRP3, TLR4 genes and serum levels of IL-1β, IL-18 cytokines (p=0.001). In the case of high chronic training, significant increases in expression of genes NLRP3, TLR4 and serum levels of IL-1β, IL-18 cytokines were observed (p=0.0001). Conclusion: It can be concluded that endurance chronic aerobic activity with moderate intensity is effective in decreasing the expression of the inflammasome and inflammation while acute aerobic activity with some intensities had no effect.
Ali Moeini Najafabadi; Farhad Rahmani-Nia; Bahman Mirzaei; Ali Eslampour
Abstract
Background and Aim: CGT sport supplement is combined of three creatine, glutamine and taurine supplement that respectively formed 50, 30 and 20 percent of the total content of supplementation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CGT supplementation on response of markers of muscle ...
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Background and Aim: CGT sport supplement is combined of three creatine, glutamine and taurine supplement that respectively formed 50, 30 and 20 percent of the total content of supplementation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CGT supplementation on response of markers of muscle and liver damage (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) to high intensity interval exercise in trained men. Materials and Methods: Nineteen trained men (age: 22.28±0.73 years; BMI: 22.35±1.66 kg/m2; fat percentage: 8.87±2.93 %) were randomly divided into two groups including CGT supplementation (n=9) and placebo (n=10). Supplementation group consumed CGT supplementation for 2 weeks up to 12 grams per day and placebo group consumed starch powder at same dose. Both groups performed HIIE protocol at pre and post-supplementation that contains the sequences. Blood samples were taken in 6 steps included before, immediately and 2 hours after the pre test, and the same steps in the post-test. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and significant level of pResults: Data analysis showed, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels significantly increased immediately and two hours after the exercise in both supplement and placebo groups (p˂0.05). But there was no significant changes in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels. (p>0.05). CGT supplementation significantly decreased response of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase to HIIE immediately and 2 hours after the activity (p˂0.05). However, CGT supplementation no significantly affected by changes in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase immediately and 2 hours after HIIE (p>0.05). Conclusion: Generally, the results indicated that short-term CGT supplementation prevents from muscle damage induced by high intensity interval exercise.
Abbas Pour Haydari; Farhad Rahmani Nia
Abstract
Background and Aim: Despite the importance of good physical fitness among military personnel, it is shown that obesity and over weight in the police and armed forces increased in recent years. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aerobic training and detraining on body composition, ...
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Background and Aim: Despite the importance of good physical fitness among military personnel, it is shown that obesity and over weight in the police and armed forces increased in recent years. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aerobic training and detraining on body composition, lipid profile and insulin resistance in over weight policeman. Materials and Methods: A sample of 40 healthy Guilan policeman with a mean age of 29.8±6.3 y, weight: 87.42±6.2 kg, height 175.5±6 cm and BMI: 28.55±4.4 kg/m2 volunteered for this study. The subjects were divided into two groups including aerobic and control goups. Aerobic exercise program performed for 8 weeks, three days per week, with 65-75 maximal heart rate for 20-minutes in every session. Before and after performing of aerobic exercise program all variables (body composition, insulin, glucose and lipid profile) were measured. After the aerobic training protocol and testing for the second time, the subjects were prohibited from every exercise for 6 weeks. All measurements repeated again after 6 weeks of detraining and the data were collected. For extraction of the results it is applied the repeated measure of analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc tests. Results: Performing of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise induced significant improvement in the insulin resistance (p=0.003), fat percentage (p=0.001), body mass index (p=0.004) and lipid profile improvement (p<0.05); while all adaptations returned to the baseline after 6 weeks of detraining. Conclusion: Regular aerobic exercise can improvement cardiovascular risk factors in military personnel; however these positive effects will be attenuated if considered detraining.
Hojjat Forati; Zahra Hojjati; Farhad Rahmani-Nia
Abstract
Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of caffeine on muscle strength and endurance in amateur soccer players. Materials and Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental and population research was selected of soccer players leagues of Saveh in 2012. Forty ...
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Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of caffeine on muscle strength and endurance in amateur soccer players. Materials and Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental and population research was selected of soccer players leagues of Saveh in 2012. Forty eight athletes were selected (mean BMI= 23.8 ± 0.36 kg/m2, weight= 76.1 ± 1.22 kg, height= 178.5 ± 0.89 cm and age= 24.8 ± 0.49 yr.) and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. After measuring body mass index, the muscle strength and endurance also were evaluated with one-repetition maximum (1RM) test in leg press and 80% 1RM repetitions, respectively. 72 hours later, the experimental and control groups consumed caffeine (5 mg/kg) and placebo (Flour) respectively. The same measurements of pre-test session were repeated one hour after supplement consuming. Independent t-test was used to compare the differences between groups and significance level was set as p˂0.05. Results: The results showed that there was significant increase in strength (p<0.0001) and endurance (p<0.04) in the caffeine group; but there were no any significant changes in placebo individuals (p˃0.05). Conclusion: Findings show that consumption of 5 mg/kg caffeine significantly improved muscular strength and endurance in the amateur soccer players.
