Shadmehr Mirdar Harijani; Hossein Ali asgharzade Oliaei; Gholamreza Hamidian; Narges Musavi
Abstract
Background and Aim: Both cell proliferation and apoptosis are required for proper development of the neonatal parenchyma of the liver. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of swimming endurance training and silymarin supplementation during pregnancy on maternal cadmium – induced apoptosis ...
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Background and Aim: Both cell proliferation and apoptosis are required for proper development of the neonatal parenchyma of the liver. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of swimming endurance training and silymarin supplementation during pregnancy on maternal cadmium – induced apoptosis in hepatocytes of neonates. Materials and Methods: 72 pregnant Wistar rats (200 ± 20 g) were divided into 9 groups. Cadmium chloride was given orally (400 mg/kg in drinking water) from the first day of pregnancy. Training protocol was included 60 minutes swimming for 5 days per week during pregnancy. Silymarin (100 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously three times a week. Liver tissue was removed two days after born and apoptotic index also determined by nonradioactive in situ end labeling method using TUNEL immunocytochemical technique. The ANOVA and post hoc LSD tests were used to analyze the collected data at p≤ 0.05. Results: Apoptotic index of hepatocytes were decreased significantly in cadmium- silymarin and cadmium- silymarin-training groups (p<0.001). Swimming training caused no significant changes in apoptotic index of hepatocytes (p=0.83). Conclusion: Swimming endurance training during pregnancy probably have no effect on maternal cadmium – induced of apoptosis in hepatocytes of neonates, however, silymarin could reduce it.
Shadmehr Mirdar; Narges Musavi; Gholamreza Hamidian; Mehdi Hedayati
Abstract
Background and Aim: Metallothionein plays important role in control of apoptosis, heavy metals elimination from body, and trace element transportation from mother to fetus. The aim of current study was to investigate the effects of swimming endurance training on induction of liver hepatic metallothionein ...
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Background and Aim: Metallothionein plays important role in control of apoptosis, heavy metals elimination from body, and trace element transportation from mother to fetus. The aim of current study was to investigate the effects of swimming endurance training on induction of liver hepatic metallothionein (MT) in pregnant rats exposed to cadmium poisoning. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two pregnant rats (200 ± 20 g) were divided into four groups (control, swimming training, cadmium, and swimming training+ cadmium). Cadmium chloride was given orally (400 mg/kg in drinking water) from the first day of pregnancy until delivery. Training protocol was included 60 minutes swimming for 5 days a week during pregnancy. Liver tissues were removed two days after delivery. Liver MT levels and apoptotic index were determined by ELISA method and nonradioactive in situ end labeling method using TUNEL immunocytochemical technique, respectively. The ANOVA and post hoc LSD tests were used to analyze the data of study at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Swimming endurance training significantly decreased cadmium-induced apoptosis (p =0.005), but had no effect on liver MT levels. Conclusion: Although, swimming endurance training had no effect on liver MT levels, but decreased cadmium-induced apoptosis presumably via other mechanism than induction of liver MT. Thus, it was somewhat effective to contrast with cadmiuminduced cell death.
